kidney function test report analysis for last stage patient

A GFR below 60 is a sign of inefficient functioning of kidneys. A GFR below 15 indicates kidney failure and the patient may need treatment such as dialysis or a kidney transplant. An eGFR less than 60mL/min/1.73m2 persisting for more than three months is indicative of chronic kidney disease.

Full Answer

How do you read a kidney function test report?

Reading your kidney function test report The values of different blood and urine markers may help assess your kidney function. The ratio of their values can give the actual rate of clearance of your kidneys. Different reference ranges may be used by different labs.

What is the importance of renal function assessment?

Assessment of renal function is important in the management of patients with kidney disease or pathologies affecting renal function. Tests of renal function have utility in identifying the presence of renal disease, monitoring the response of kidneys to treatment, and determining the progression of renal disease.

How long does a kidney function test take to work?

This test requires that urine be collected for an entire 24 hour period, there are other variations of this test that require urine to be collected for 4 hours, 12 hours or another length of time. Kidney function can fluctuate through the course of a day, so this test provides a look at the average function of the kidneys.

What are kidney health tests?

A to Z Health Guide. Healthy kidneys remove wastes and excess fluid from the blood. Blood and urine tests show how well the kidneys are doing their job and how quickly body wastes are being removed. Urine tests can also detect whether the kidneys are leaking abnormal amounts of protein, a sign of kidney damage.

What are the lab values for end-stage renal disease?

Normal range: Sodium: 135 to 145 mEq/L. Potassium: 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. Calcium: 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL. Phosphorus: 3.0 to 4.5 mg/dL....Understanding Your Lab Work.StageGFR Level and DescriptionStage 415 to 29 mL/min; severe decrease in GFRStage 5Less than 15 mL/min or on dialysis; kidney failure4 more rows

What is end of stage kidney disease?

End-stage renal disease, also called end-stage kidney disease or kidney failure, occurs when chronic kidney disease — the gradual loss of kidney function — reaches an advanced state. In end-stage renal disease, your kidneys no longer work as they should to meet your body's needs.

How do you read kidney function test results?

How well are your kidneys working? Explaining your kidney test resultsA GFR of 60 or higher is in the normal range.A GFR below 60 may mean kidney disease.A GFR of 15 or lower may mean kidney failure.

What are the signs of end of life kidney failure?

Some of the most common end-of-life kidney failure signs include: Water retention/swelling of legs and feet. Loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. Confusion.

Can you live with 10% kidney function?

Once your kidneys have less than 10 per cent of function remaining, this is called end-stage kidney disease or kidney failure. If you have kidney failure, you need dialysis or a transplant to stay alive.

What is normal urea creatinine ratio?

The reference interval for normal BUN/creatinine serum ratio is 12 : 1 to 20 : 1. An elevated BUN:Cr due to a low or low-normal creatinine and a BUN within the reference range is unlikely to be of clinical significance.

What is a normal GFR for a 80 year old?

However, we know that GFR physiologically decreases with age, and in adults older than 70 years, values below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 could be considered normal.

What is a good kidney function score?

If GFR is over 90, the kidneys are healthy and functioning normally. A kidney score of 60-89 means the person should be monitored, and if GFR scores falls to less than 60 for a three-month period, that is an indicator of chronic kidney disease.

Overview

Kidney function tests are urine or blood tests that evaluate how well your kidneys are working. Most of these tests measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR assesses how efficiently your kidneys clear waste from your system.

Test Details

You complete 24-hour urine tests at home. For a 24-hour urine test, your provider will give you a container to collect urine. On the day of the test:

Results and Follow-Up

How soon you receive test results can vary. Sometimes, your provider discusses the results of your test on the same day. Or your provider may send the test to a lab, and you receive results in a few days.

What is kidney function test?

Kidney function tests are a panel of investigative tests that determine if the kidneys are working efficiently or not. The tests involve simple blood and urine analysis that can help identify problems with the kidneys such as presence of renal disease, monitoring the treatment response of kidneys, and determining the progression of renal disease.

What tests are ordered for kidney biopsy?

Other tests such as estimation of electrolytes like calcium, potassium, and sodium, complete blood count ( CBC ), uric acid test, blood culture, and BUN to creatinine ratio, are also ordered. There are certain precautions that may be required to be taken before the test.

What is the albumin to creatinine ratio?

Albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) is generally low when kidneys are functioning normally. A normal range of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) for adults and children is 7-20 mg/dL. These values vary from laboratory to laboratory.

What are the symptoms of high creatinine levels?

High levels of creatinine in blood could give rise to symptoms such as: Fatigue and confusion. Shortness of breath. Loss of muscle. Dehydration. Other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and dry skin. High levels of protein in the urine, called proteinuria, is sign of severe kidney damage.

What does a GFR of 60 mean?

A GFR below 60 is a sign of inefficient functioning of kidneys. A GFR below 15 indicates kidney failure and the patient may need treatment such as dialysis or a kidney transplant. An eGFR less than 60mL/min/1.73m2 persisting for more than three months is indicative of chronic kidney disease.

How long before kidney biopsy can you take diuretics?

There are certain precautions that may be required to be taken before the test. Avoiding meat, medications, and diuretics 24 hours before the test is generally advised. Abnormal levels of these tests does not necessarily indicate kidney damage and hence, confirmation of diagnosis is important.

What tests are done to determine the size of kidney stones?

The doctor may order imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scans to determine the size, presence of kidney stones, tumors, or any other structural defects that may be present in urinary tract or kidneys. A kidney biopsy is also ordered if required.

Why do you need to have your kidneys checked?

You need to have your kidneys checked because you can't feel kidney disease. Kidney tests are very important for people who have diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease. These conditions can hurt your kidneys.

What is the GFR test?

GFR - A blood test measures how much blood your kidneys filter each minute, which is known as your glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Urine Albumin - A urine test checks for albumin in your urine. Albumin is a protein that can pass into the urine when the filters in the kidneys are damaged. 3.

How to lower GFR?

Keep your GFR from going down. Lower your urine albumin. No matter what your results are: Keep your blood pressure, blood glucose and blood cholesterol in your target range. Choose foods that are healthy for your heart and cut back on salt. Be more physically active. If you smoke, take steps to quit.

What does CKD mean?

CKD (chronic kidney disease) means the kidneys are damaged and may no longer filter blood well. This damage happens over many years. As more damage occurs, the kidneys are unable to keep the body healthy - then dialysis or a kidney transplant may be needed to maintain health.

How to protect kidneys from diabetes?

The steps you take to manage your diabetes and high blood pressure also help protect your kidneys. Choosing healthy foods, quitting smoking, and being more physically active are all important steps. 2. Communicate the importance of testing and how CKD is diagnosed.

Will I ever need dialysis?

Will I ever need dialysis? With proper management, you may never need dialysis or, at least, not for a very long time. But if your kidneys fail, we will need to choose a treatment that can replace the job of your kidneys to maintain health. There are two types of dialysis - one is done at home daily and the other is done in a dialysis center three times a week.

Does albumin pass through the kidney?

Albumin is a protein found in the blood. A healthy kidney does not let albumin pass into the urine. A damaged kidney lets some albumin pass into the urine. The less albumin in your urine, the better.

How to find out why a kidney transplant may not be doing well?

to find out why a kidney transplant may not be doing well. A kidney biopsy is performed by using a thin needle with a sharp cutting edge to slice small pieces of kidney tissue for examination under a micro scope. Urine Tests. Some urine tests require only a couple tablespoons of urine.

What is the normal GFR for kidneys?

The normal value for GFR is 90 or above. A GFR below 60 is a sign that the kidneys are not working properly. Once the GFR decreases below 15, one is at high risk for needing treatment for kidney failure, such as dialysis or a kidney transplant. Urea nitrogen comes from the breakdown of protein in the foods you eat.

What is the GFR test?

This test is a measure of how well the kidneys are removing wastes and excess fluid from the blood. It is calculated from the serum creatinine level using age and gender with adjustment for those of African American descent. Normal GFR can vary according to age (as you get older it can decrease).

What does it mean when your creatinine is 1.2?

A creatinine level of greater than 1.2 for women and greater than 1.4 for men may be an early sign that the kidneys are not working properly. As kidney disease progresses, the level of creatinine in the blood rises. This test is a measure of how well the kidneys are removing wastes and excess fluid from the blood.

What is urine test?

Urine tests can also detect whether the kidneys are leaking abnormal amounts of protein, a sign of kidney damage. Here's a quick guide to the tests used to measure kidney function. Creatinine is a waste product that comes from the normal wear and tear on muscles of the body. Creatinine levels in the blood can vary depending on age, ...

What is the purpose of urine tests?

Tests to Measure Kidney Function, Damage and Detect Abnormalities. Healthy kidneys remove wastes and excess fluid from the blood. Blood and urine tests show how well the kidneys are doing their job and how quickly body wastes are being removed. Urine tests can also detect whether the kidneys are leaking abnormal amounts of protein, ...

What is creatinine clearance?

Creatinine Clearance. Creatinine is a waste product that comes from the normal wear and tear on muscles of the body. Creatinine clearance test compares the creatinine in a 24-hour sample of urine to the creatinine level in your blood to show how much waste products the kidneys are filtering out each minute.

What is the purpose of reading a kidney function test report?

Reading your kidney function test report. The values of different blood and urine markers may help assess your kidney function. The ratio of their values can give the actual rate of clearance of your kidneys. Different reference ranges may be used by different labs. Normal ranges may vary with age too.

What are the markers of kidney disease?

Several markers in the blood and urine can help identify kidney function. Urea and creatinine are the gold standard markers to detect kidney disease. Kidney function tests are simple blood and urine tests that check whether your kidneys are working properly by measuring the levels of markers. They help identify problems with the functioning ...

What is the purpose of urea clearance test?

Urea clearance test: The test measures the volume of plasma from which urea is completely cleared by the kidney in a minute. This test is based on a comparing the amount of urea in the blood with urea in the urine. 5. Creatinine clearance test: The test determines the rate at which the kidneys are filtering creatinine.

What is the normal range for eGFR?

GFR decreases with age even in the absence of kidney disease. 90-120 ml/min/1.73 m2: Normal range.

What does a positive protein test mean?

A positive test for protein may also be seen after a heavy physical exercise, infection, etc. 4. Urea clearance. Normal range: 65 to 99 ml/min, i.e. your kidney removes all of the urea in 65-99ml of plasma in one minute. A lower than normal urea clearance range may mean that your kidneys are not working properly.

What is creatinine test?

Blood creatinine test: Creatinine is a waste product produced by your muscles. It is entirely filtered from the blood by the kidneys and excreted in the urine. A blood creatinine test measures the amount of creatinine in your blood. How to read your medical reports: Complete Blood Count. 2.

How is estimated GFR determined?

It is determined by measuring the clearance of an ideal marker. Estimated GFR (eGFR) is an approximated value that is derived from a formula based on your blood creatinine level, age and gender. How to read your medical test report: Blood glucose tests.

What is a routine kidney test?

The routine kidney blood test is a general marker of kidney function. If the blood test is abnormal it cannot say what is causing the kidney problem. Therefore, if you have an abnormal result you may need further tests to find the cause of a kidney problem. For example: urine tests, other blood tests, scans, X-rays, kidney biopsy, etc.

What is the blood test that checks if the kidneys are working properly?

The usual blood test which checks that the kidneys are working properly measures the level of urea, creatinine and certain dissolved salts.

Is creatinine a good measure of kidney function?

Although the level of creatinine in the blood is a useful guide to kidney function, the eGFR is a more accurate measure . Blood creatinine can be used to estimate the eGFR using age, sex and race. This is often calculated by computer and reported with the creatinine blood test. The normal value for eGFR is 90-120 ml/min.

Is creatinine in the blood bad?

Creatinine in itself is not harmful but a high level indicates that the kidneys are not working properly. So, many other waste products will not be cleared out of the bloodstream. You normally need treatment with dialysis if the level of creatinine goes higher than a certain value.

Can kidney disease be treated before or after treatment?

Some medicines occasionally cause kidney damage as a side-effect. Therefore, kidney function is often checked before and after starting treatment with certain medicines.

Is creatinine more accurate than urea?

Creatinine is usually a more accurate marker of kidney function than urea . The effect of muscle mass needs to be taken into account. A person with a lot of muscle and little fat on their body is likely to have a higher creatinine than a person who has a lot of fat and little muscle.

Additional Reading

1. Bauer JH, Brooks CS, Burch RN: Clinical appraisal of creatinine clearance as a measurement of glomerular filtration rate. Am J Kidney Dis 2:337-346, 1982

Additional Reading

1. Cole BR, Giangiacomo J, Ingelfinger JR, Robson AM: Measurement of renal function without urine collection: A critical evaluation of the constant-infusion technic for determination of inulin and para-aminohippurate. N Engl J Med 287:1109-1114, 1972

Additional Reading

1. Sweeney TE, Beuchat CA: Limitations of methods of osmometry: Measuring the osmolality of biological fluids. Am J Physiol 264:R469-R480, 1993

Additional Reading

1. Halperin ML, Richardson RM, Bear R, et al: Urine ammonium: The key to the diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis. Nephron 50:1-4, 1980

Additional Reading

1. Carvounis CP, Nisar S, Guro-Razuman S: Significance of the fractional excretion of urea in the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure. Kidney Int 62:2223-2229, 2002