medication, anxiety reduction and patient report of significant life situation events.

What factors affect the response to treatment for anxiety disorders?

Psychosocial factors may affect response, and comorbid personality or substance abuse disorders are especially likely to complicate anxiety disorders. When initial treatment fails, the physician has to decide when to change the treatment plan. There have been few systematic trials of treatment-refractory patients with anxiety disorders.

What are the indications for treatment of anxiety disorders?

However, treatment is indicated when a patient shows marked distress or suffers from complications resulting from the disorder (eg, secondary depression, suicidal ideation, or alcohol abuse). Anxiety disorders can be treated mostly on an outpatient basis.

Which medications are used in the treatment of anxiety disorder?

Kasper S., Gastpar M., Muller WE., et al Lavender oil preparation Silexan is effective in generalized anxiety disorder -a randomized, double+-blind comparison to placebo and paroxetine. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol.2014;17(6):859–869.

What are the indications for hospitalization for addictive disorders?

Indications for hospitalization include suicidality, unresponsiveness to standard treatments, or relevant comorbidity, eg, with major depression, personality disorders, or substance abuse.

What is anxiety disorder?

Anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder/agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, and others) are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, and are associated with a high burden of illness. Anxiety disorders are often underrecognized and undertreated in primary care. Treatment is indicated when a patient shows marked ...

What is psychoeducation for anxiety?

Psychoeducation includes information about the physiology of the bodily symptoms of anxiety reactions and the rationale of available treatment possibilities.

What is a switch to a drug?

Switch to a drug (or drug combination) that has been reported to be effective in case reports. PDA. - The addition of lithium to clomipramine and the combination of valproate and clonazepam have been reported to be effective in refractory cases.

What is the differential diagnosis of anxiety?

The differential diagnosis of anxiety disorders includes common mental disorders, such as other anxiety disorders, major depression, and somatic symptom disorders, as well as physical illnesses such as coronary heart or lung diseases, hyperthyroidism, and others.

What is the definition of phobias?

Phobias which are restricted to singular, circumscribed situations, often related to animals (eg, cats, spiders, or insects), or other natural phenomena (eg, blood, heights, deep water). Mixed Anxiety and Depressive Disorder F41.2. Simultaneous presence of anxiety and depression, with neither predominating.

What are the symptoms of somatic anxiety?

Patients suffer from somatic anxiety symptoms (tremor, palpitations, dizziness, nausea, muscle tension, etc.) and from psychic symptoms, including concentrating, nervousness, insomnia, and constant worry, eg, that they (or a relative) might have an accident or become ill. Social Phobia F40.1.

What are the factors that contribute to anxiety?

The current conceptualization of the etiology of anxiety disorders includes an interaction of psychosocial factors, eg, childhood adversity, stress, or trauma, and a genetic vulnerability , which manifests in neurobiological and neuropsychological dysfunctions.

Why are medical errors important?

It is challenging to uncover a consistent cause of errors and, even if found, to provide a consistent viable solution that minimizes the chances of a recurrent event. By recognizing untoward events occur , learning from them, and working toward preventing them, patient safety can be improved. [1]

What are the psychological effects of being a health care professional?

Health care professionals experience profound psychological effects such as anger, guilt, inadequacy, depression, and suicide due to real or perceived errors. The threat of impending legal action may compound these feelings. This can also lead to a loss of clinical confidence.

What is an active error?

Active errors are those taking place between a person and an aspect of a larger system at the point of contact. Active errors are made by people on the front line such as clinicians and nurses. For example, operating on the wrong eye or amputating the wrong leg are classic examples of an active error.

How does failure mode effect analysis work?

Failure mode effect analysis fosters safety and the prevention of accidents through a proactive process of identifying potential or real failures, causes, and effects. Failure mode effect analysis concludes errors will occur even if healthcare professionals are careful. Failure mode effect analysis engages in a continual process of quality improvement to assess and correct areas where an error has occurred or is likely to occur. The strategy with failure mode effect analysis is to build redundancies to serve as safety nets that trap errors. [11]

Why do healthcare systems have rigid policies?

This can cause staff to hesitate to report an error, minimize the problem, or even fail to document the issue. These actions or lack thereof can contribute to an evolving cycle of medical errors.

What is patient handoff?

Patient handoffs are a common source of errors. [21] This can occur if incorrect information is passed to the receiving clinician and/or there is a failure to remember to follow-up on all of the pending issues.

What are the two types of errors in medical terminology?

A lack of standardized nomenclature and overlapping definitions of medical errors has hindered data analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. There are two major types of errors: Errors of omission occur as a result of actions not taken.