The pelvic region is comprised of many structures, and as a result, there are many possible causes for acute and chronic pelvic pain, including: 1 Painful menstruation or ovulation 2 Uterine fibroids 3 Ovarian cysts 4 Endometriosis 5 Ectopic pregnancy 6 Pelvic inflammatory disease 7 Infection 8 Internal swelling (edema) 9 Hernias 10 Miscarriage ....