23 hours ago Which nursing actions protect patients from infection at the portal of entry portion of the chain of infection? Select all that apply. 1. Positioning an indwelling urine collection bag below the level of the patients pelvis. 2. Using sterile technique when administering an intramuscular injection. 3. >> Go To The Portal
Which nursing actions protect patients from infection at the portal of entry portion of the chain of infection? Select all that apply. 1. Positioning an indwelling urine collection bag below the level of the patients pelvis. 2. Using sterile technique when administering an intramuscular injection. 3.
The portal of entry refers to the body site through which a microbe enters the tissues of the body. The skin, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital tract, and respiratory tract all serve as common portals of entry. This would include the vagina, nose, mouth, urethra, and skin.
Which nursing action protects the patient from infection at the portal of entry? 1. Positioning an indwelling urine collection bag below the level of the patient's pelvis 2. Enclosing a urine specimen in a biohazardous transport bag 3. Wearing clean gloves when handling a patient's excretions 4. Handwashing after removal of soiled protective gloves
The nurse would take which action to protect the client from infection at the portal of entry? 1. Place sputum specimen in a bio-hazard bag for transport to the lab 2. Empty Jackson-Pratt drain using sterile technique 3. Dispose of solid gloves in waste container 4. …
Break the chain by cleaning your hands frequently, staying up to date on your vaccines (including the flu shot), covering coughs and sneezes and staying home when sick, following the rules for standard and contact isolation, using personal protective equipment the right way, cleaning and disinfecting the environment, ...
Under the universal precautions rule, nurses must wear personal protective equipment when coming into contact with the specified body fluids. Hand washing is another potent weapon in the nurse's arsenal against infection, and is the single most important nursing intervention to prevent infection.
Washing hands properly is one of the most important and effective ways of stopping the spread of infections and illnesses. Wash your hands thoroughly using water and plain soap.Jan 15, 2021
Hand Hygiene. Hand hygiene has been cited frequently as the single most important practice to reduce the transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings 559, 712, 713 and is an essential element of Standard Precautions.
Learn these healthy habits to protect yourself from disease and prevent germs and infectious diseases from spreading.Handle & Prepare Food Safely. ... Wash Hands Often. ... Clean & Disinfect Commonly Used Surfaces. ... Cough & Sneeze Into Your Sleeve. ... Don't Share Personal Items. ... Get Vaccinated. ... Avoid Touching Wild Animals.More items...
Hand hygiene is considered one of the most important infection control measures for reducing the spread of infection.Oct 24, 2021
The practice and promotion of hand hygiene Hand hygiene is the most effective way to prevent transmission of infection.
Educate Your PatientsBe aware of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). ... Feel empowered to speak up for their care. ... Know to clean their hands often. ... Understand the basics of safe injection practices. ... Know to monitor the cleanliness of their area. ... Be prepared to ask questions about their medications.More items...
Hand hygiene is the most important measure to prevent the spread of infections among patients and DHCP. Education and training programs should thoroughly address indications and techniques for hand hygiene practices before performing routine and oral surgical procedures.
Airborne precautions are required to protect against airborne transmission of infectious agents. Diseases requiring airborne precautions include, but are not limited to: Measles, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Varicella (chickenpox), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Feb 20, 2019
Essential elements of Standard Precautions include the following core practice elements: 1) hand hygiene, 2) environmental cleaning and disinfection, 3) injection and medication safety, 4) risk assessment with appropriate use of personal protective equipment, 5) minimizing potential exposures, and 6) reprocessing of ...Dec 12, 2018
There are three types of transmission-based precautions--contact, droplet, and airborne - the type used depends on the mode of transmission of a specific disease.Jun 23, 2020
Personal protective equipment If gloves are needed, put them on just before providing care and take them off straight afterwards. Change gloves between different care tasks for one person. For example, personal care and care that involves non-intact skin. Change gloves between care tasks for different people.
There are 2 tiers of recommended precautions to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings: Standard Precautions and Transmission-Based Precautions.
Select the body sites that serve as portals of entry for microbes. The portal of entry refers to the body site through which a microbe enters the tissues of the body. The skin, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital. tract, and respiratory tract all serve as common portals of entry. This would include the vagina, nose, mouth, urethra, and skin.
The principal US government agency responsible for keeping track of infectious diseases nationwide is the: While both the FDA and USDA play roles in monitoring public safety in the US, the CDC is primarily responsible for the tracking of infectious disease. Passive Carrier.
systemic infection. Several microbes establish themselves simultaneously at the infection site. mixed infection. Microbes enter the body and remain confined to a specific tissue. localized infection. The infectious agent spreads to other tissues from a local site. focal infection.
Propagated epidemic. The ability of a nonpathogen or weakly pathogenic microorganism to cause disease primarily in an immunocompromised host is termed: opportunism. Presence of organisms living in or on the body, but not causing any pathology. Colonization.
Incubating Carrier. Spreads the infectious agent before the appearance of the first symptoms. Select the patterns of direct (contact) transmission of infectious disease. Transmission of microbes can be accomplished by seven basic routes, four of which are direct, and three of which are indirect.
The direct transmission patterns include kissing/touching, vector transmission, droplet transmission, and vertical transmission (mother to fetus). Epidemic in which the infectious agent came from a single source and all victims were exposed to that source, at approximately the same time. Point-source epidemic.
The presence of other pathogens in a patient has no effect on the development of opportunistic infections. Cancer patients are at a higher risk for opportunistic infections. Order the following steps a microorganism takes in the process of establishing disease. 1.Microbe enters through its portal of entry.
Correct answer! 2. When preparing to administer an antibiotic to a client, the nurse understands it will be effective in treatment of an infectious disease process primarily because antibiotics: 1. Reduce the inflammatory response. 2. Enhance the body’s natural immune function. 3.
A hospital-acquired infection (HAI), also known as a nosocomial infection, is an infection that is acquired in a hospital or other health care facility. • To emphasize both hospital and nonhospital settings, it is sometimes instead called a health care–associated infection (HAI or HCAI) 6.
The nurse understands: that a primary purpose of standard precautions with all clients is: 1. To prevent nosocomial infections. 2. To protect clients from AIDS. 3. To protect employees from HIV and HBV. 4.
An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoa) that take advantage of an opportunity not normally available, such as a host with a weakened immune system, an altered micro biota (such as a disrupted gut micro biota), or breached integumentary barriers. 7.
For example, systemic disorders, such as high blood pressure, or systemic diseases, such as the flu, affect the entire body. •An infection that is in the bloodstream is called a systemic infection. 4. Negative-pressure airflow is used for airborne precautions.
1. Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources. •They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients.
A nurse is teaching a new nursing assistant about ways to prevent the spread of infection. Included in the instruction would be that the cycle of the infectious process must be broken, which may be accomplished primarily through: 1. Hand washing before and between providing client care. 2.
Categorisation of infection causing agents is important as it helps in quicker searching of drugs against them. For ex¬ample, bacterial infections can be treated with the help of antibiotics. In each category, the metabolic pathways of the pathogens will be nearly same.
Answer: Drugs are used to kill pathogens by blocking their metabolic pathways. Different groups of pathogens have different metabolic systems. Therefore, different sets of medicines are used for treating different types of diseases, e.g., bacterial, fungal, viral, protozoan, helmintic.
Acquired disease is the one which develops after birth either due to infection (e.g, malaria) or defective metabolic activity (e. g., hypertension). (c) Infectious (Communicable) Diseases: These diseases are caused by microbes and other pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, worms, etc.
Safe drinking and bathing water ensures protection against water borne diseases like cholera. (Hi) Vector Borne Microbes. Protection from vector borne microbes (e.g., dengue, malaria) can be obtained by proper garbage disposal, sewage disposal, covering and cleaning of drains and occasional spraying of insecticides.
Pathogens spread through air over dust and as droplets (emitted by sneezing, coughing and spitting of an infected person). Any body standing or sitting close to the patient will directly inhale these droplets, dust particles and air carrying the infectious agent. Common Cold, Pneumonia. Question 40.
Answer: (a) An epidemic disease is the one which spreads rapidly and extensively affecting many individuals simultaneously in a particular area. It is usually an infectious disease, e.g., encephalitis, malaria, dengue, (b) Liver. Question 2.
Acute and Chronic Disease.#N#An acute disease is of shorter duration which causes little damage to the body. #N#A chronic disease is of longer duration which damages the body system affected by it.
a local infection occurs in. one specific body part. What is a systemic infection. an infection that affects the whole body. The immune system.... protects the body from disease and infection. some s/s of infection are.
immunity. when a person has protection from a certain disease they have immunity. medical asepsis. practice of destroying pathogens, preventing the spread from one person to another... also referred to as clean technique. non-pathogens are. microbes that usually don't cause an infection.
pathogens are present. easiest and most important way to prevent infections from spreading... practicing good hand hygiene.
non-pathogens are. microbes that usually don't cause an infection. normal flora. microbes that live and grow in their area. sterile field is. a work area free from all pathogens and non pathogens. a carrier.
drugs that kills microbes that cause infection are called: antibiotics. we sterilize medical tools in an. autoclave. another word for the use of medical asepsis. clean technique. when something becomes unclean it called being. contaminated. a disease that is caused by a pathogen that spreads easily.
if a microbe is considered normal flora in the respiratory system can it cause an infection there. NO! But it could cause an infection if it traveled to another part of the body. When microbes can resist the effects of antibiotics they are called... multidrug-resistant organisms.
The goal of this three-part program is to update healthcare professionals’ ability to apply scientifically accepted infection-control principles to reduce transmission of pathogens. After studying the information presented here, you will be able to:
Factors intrinsic to the susceptible host influence the outcome of exposure to pathogens. Advanced age at one end of the spectrum and prematurity at the other end can affect the competence of organ systems to resist infection. Chronic diseases also impair host defenses.
PPE is specialized clothing or equipment designed to protect the wearer from a hazard, either toxic or infectious.
Airborne transmission poses unique challenges. The use of both engineering and work practice controls for prevention of airborne exposure has evolved to the greatest degree for TB. The risks increase with inadequate ventilation, prolonged stays in the immediate vicinity of the source patient, inability to control aerosol production from the source patient, and failure to identify cases.
Isolation precautions refer to the procedures used in dealing with all patients to prevent inadvertent transmission of microorganisms from patient to caregiver, caregiver to patient, and patient to patient. Current guidelines provide for two tiers of precautions. Standard precautions are the first tier and primary strategy for nosocomial infection prevention. Transmission-based precautions are the second tier. They are directed at interrupting transmission of epidemiologically important pathogens when a specific infective entity is suspected or identified and where additional precautions beyond standard precautions are needed.1 (Level ML)
The goal of Part 1 is to present modes of disease transmission and effective strategies for prevention and to inform clinicians that failure to adhere to standards could lead to disciplinary action.
The risk of blood or body fluid splashes to mucous membranes or bare skin may occur during any surgical or invasive procedure, such as vascular access, intubation, or suctioning of the pulmonary tree. Wound care also carries a risk of exposure. Similarly, cleaning contaminated work surfaces, equipment, and instruments poses risk for skin or mucous membrane exposure and percutaneous injury.
It is the responsibility of all health care providers to enact principles of care to prevent health care–associated infections, though not all infections can be prevented. Certain patient risk factors such as advanced age, underlying disease and severity of illness, and sometimes the immune status are not modifiable and directly contribute to a patient’s risk of infection. Depending on the patient’s susceptibility, a patient can develop an infection due to the emergence of their own endogenous organisms or by cross-contamination in the health care setting. Benefits of antimicrobial therapy will alter the microbial flora by reducing one microbial presence but may allow the emergence of another, causing a new infection (e.g., antibiotic-associated diarrhea).
An infection control practitioner 27 (ICP) is typically assigned to perform ongoing surveillance of infections for specific wards, calculate infection rates and report these data to essential personnel, perform staff education and training, respond to and implement outbreak control measures, and consult on employee health issues. This specialty practitioner gains expertise through education involving infection surveillance, infection control, and epidemiology from current scientific publications and basic training courses offered by professional organizations or health care institutions. 28, 29 The Certification Board of Infection Control offers certification that an ICP has the standard core set of knowledge in infection control. 30, 31, 32
Authors of evidence-based guidelines on the increasing occurrence of multidrug-resistant organisms propose these interventions: stewardship of antimicrobial use, an active system of surveillance for patients with antimicrobial-resistant organisms, and an efficient infection control program to minimize secondary spread of resistance. 89–91 Antimicrobial stewardship includes not only limiting the use of inappropriate agents, but also selecting the appropriate antibiotic, dosage, and duration of therapy to achieve optimal efficacy in managing infections. A prospective study on hospital mortality due to inadequate antimicrobial treatment demonstrated that the infection-related mortality rate for patients receiving inadequate antimicrobial treatment (42 percent) was significantly greater than the infection-related mortality rate of patients receiving adequate antimicrobial treatment (17.7 percent) in a medical or surgical ICU setting. 92
The ICP or a nurse on a specific patient care unit should design a periodic evaluation program of infection control practices, including aseptic technique practices. Evaluation methods include a self-assessment survey of intended practices, direct observational assessments by another health care worker or a patient, and self-completion of checklists that review work practices and identify opportunities for improvement within the health care operations. If deficiencies or problems in the implementation of standardized infection control procedures are identified, further evaluation activities (e.g., root-cause analysis) may be indicated to identify and rectify the contributing factors to the problem. 100
During the delivery of health care, patients can be exposed to a variety of exogenous microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa) from other patients, health care personnel, or visitors.
Proper usage, wear, and removal of PPE are important to provide maximum protection to the health care worker. However, PPE may not be 100 percent protective, individual work practices may lead to exposure (e.g., needlestick injury), breaches in PPE might occur, and some breaches may go unrecognized.
Health care workers dedicate enormous effort to providing care for complex medical needs of patients, to heal, to continuously follow science to improve the quality of care —all the while consciously performing to the best of their ability to Primum non nocere (First, do no harm). Though medical errors and adverse events do occur, many can be attributed to system problems that have impacted processes used by the health care worker, leading to an undesired outcome. Health care workers evaluate their professional impact based on outcomes that demonstrate that medical and nursing orders are completed properly, that a sentinel event did not occur, clinical judgment was properly utilized to improve patient care, and that most patients leave in stable or better health than when they arrived. With all the complicated patient care administered, if the patient did not acquire an infection during a hospitalization, is that an indication that all patient care interactions were practiced aseptically? Or could the lack of infection be attributed to some process interactions where the patient received a microbial exposure that was less than the threshold needed to acquire an infection or, fortuitously, the patient had enough natural immunity to ward off a potential infection? Although success is measured by an outcome with or without infection, we should consistently practice in such a manner to reduce patient exposure to exogenous microorganisms, which would consequently reduce the risk of infection.