10 hours ago Abstract. Amniocentesis for estimation of the lecithin: sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio was performed on 483 patients on 552 occasions. The introduction of this test has been associated with a highly significant (p less than 0-001) decrease of 59 per cent in the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome. The finding of a low L/S ratio (less than 2-0) enabled delivery to be deferred until … >> Go To The Portal
The last major category that has been used as an indication for amniocentesis for fetal lung maturity involves obstetrical complications.
What parameter does the nurse check in the amniocentesis report of a pregnant patient to assess fetal lung growth? The L/S ratio indicates fetal lung maturity. AFP is assessed to check for the presence of neural defects.
Fluid volume in the nape of the fetal neck is measured to assess genetic abnormalities in the fetus. After performing an amniocentesis, the primary health care provider asks the nurse to administer Rho (d) immunoglobulin to a pregnant patient with Rh-negative blood.
Amniocentesis can be done for various reasons: Genetic testing. Genetic amniocentesis involves taking a sample of amniotic fluid and testing it for certain conditions, such as Down syndrome. Fetal lung testing.
Fetal lung maturity amniocentesis can determine whether a baby's lungs are ready for birth. This type of amniocentesis is done only if early delivery — either through induction or C-section — is being considered to prevent pregnancy complications for the mother in a nonemergency situation.
This test is undertaken by using thin-layer chromatography, and is technique dependent. The test takes advantage of the constant levels of sphingomyelin in the third trimester of pregnancy, as lecithin levels increase with a maturing lung. An L/S ratio of 2.0 is usually considered an indication of maturity.
What the results mean. Amniocentesis is estimated to give a definitive result in 98 to 99 out of every 100 women having the test. But it cannot test for every condition and, in a small number of cases, it's not possible to get a conclusive result. Many women who have amniocentesis will have a "normal" result.
What parameter does the nurse check in the amniocentesis report of a pregnant patient to assess fetal lung growth? The L/S ratio indicates fetal lung maturity. AFP is assessed to check for the presence of neural defects.
Fetal lung maturity is established during the 2 to 3 week interval when the L/S ratio increases to 2.2 or more, PI decreases, and PG becomes detectable. Because PG appears later in gestation, it is a good indicator of maturity (positive predictive value >95%).
Fetal lung maturity can be estimated pre-natally by examination of the amniotic fluid, usually obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis, for lecithin, lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio or 'P' factor (fluorescent polarization measurement for lipids).
Amniocentesis is a test you may be offered during pregnancy to check if your baby has a genetic or chromosomal condition, such as Down's syndrome, Edwards' syndrome or Patau's syndrome.
This procedure may be done in late pregnancy to check fetal well-being and diagnose fetal health problems, such as infection. If a baby is expected to be delivered early, amniocentesis may be done to check for fetal lung maturity. The fluid is sent to a lab so that the cells can grow and be analyzed.
Results of genetic testing usually take about 2 weeks. Other test results come back in 1 to 3 days. Sometimes amniocentesis is also used later in pregnancy to: Diagnose infection.
Amniocentesis to determine fetal lung maturity is usually done after 32 weeks' gestation because pulmonary maturity is unlikely before this gestational age. The amniotic fluid can be evaluated for a lecithin-to-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio and the presence or absence of phosphatidylglycerol.
Fetal lung maturity can be assessed from amniotic fluid because the surfactant is primarily composed of: protein. cholesterol.
What parameter does the nurse check in the amniocentesis report of a pregnant patient to assess fetal lung growth? The L/S ratio indicates fetal lung maturity. AFP is assessed to check for the presence of neural defects.
A primary health care provider is performing a transabdominal amniocentesis procedure in a pregnant patient. Arrange the steps of the amniocentesis procedure in the correct order. 1. Separate the supernatant fluid and cellular components. 2. Collect the cellular components for chromosomal studies. 3.
The amniotic fluid index (AFI) of a pregnant patient is 3 cm. What clinical information related to the fetus does the nurse infer from this?
After reviewing the standard ultrasound scan reports of a pregnant patient, the nurse advises the patient to undergo a specialized ultrasound scan. What is the nurse's rationale for this suggestion?
2, 1, 4, 5, 3. Arrange the steps the nurse takes while performing transvaginal ultrasonography for a pregnant patient, in the correct order. 1. Cover the transducer probe with a probe cover. 2. Position the pregnant patient in the lithotomy position. 3. Position the probe for proper view of pelvic structures. 4.
The primary health care provider advises a pregnant woman to undergo a Doppler blood flow analysis after reviewing the amniocentesis reports. What clinical condition in the fetus could be the reason for this referral?
During a prenatal checkup, the patient who is 7 months pregnant reports that she is able to feel about two kicks in an hour. The nurse refers the patient for an ultrasound. What is the primary reason for this referral? To check:
The nurse sees a woman for the first time when she is 30 weeks pregnant. The woman has smoked throughout the pregnancy, and fundal height measurements now are suggestive of growth restriction in the fetus. In addition to ultrasound to measure fetal size, what tool is useful in confirming the diagnosis?
The nurse is reviewing the ultrasound report of a 20-week pregnant patient to find out whether the patient has placental vascular disease. What assessment parameter does the nurse check in the reports?
An AFI less than 5 cm indicates oligohydramnios. Oligohydramnios is associated with intrauterine growth restriction and congenital anomalies. An AFI of 10 cm or greater indicates that the fetus is normal. AFI values between 5 and 10 cm are considered low normal, indicating a comparatively low risk for congenital anomalies. An AFI greater than 25 cm indicates polyhydramnios. This is associated with neural tube defects and obstruction of the fetal gastrointestinal tract.
Fetal kick count is a simple method to determine the presence of complications related to fetal oxygenation and activity level. The fetal kick count during the third trimester of pregnancy is approximately 30 kicks an hour; a count lower than that is an indication of poor health of the fetus. Fetal anomalies may not affect the oxygenation levels of the fetus. The nurse already knows the gestational age of the fetus; therefore the nurse need not refer the woman for ultrasonography to find the gestational age. Fetal position does not affect the activity level of the fetus.
The L/S ratio indicates fetal lung maturity. AFP is assessed to check for the presence of neural defects. Presence of creatinine in the amniotic fluid indicates that the patient's gestational age is more than 36 weeks. The antibody titer is used to determine Rh incompatibility in the fetus.
4 "This test will observe for fetal activity and an acceleration of the fetal heart rate to determine the well-being of the baby."
During a prenatal checkup, the patient who is 7 months pregnant reports that she is able to feel about two kicks in an hour. The nurse refers the patient for an ultrasound. What is the primary reason for this referral? To check:
Diabetes is known to cause decreased weight gain during pregnancy. This, in turn, causes intrauterine growth restriction. Therefore the nurse should regularly monitor the fetal growth pattern in ultrasound reports. Fetal heart activity and anatomic structure are not influenced by maternal diabetes. Alterations in the amniotic fluid levels are associated with fetal heart activity and anatomic structure. Impaired nutrition of the mother can affect the fetal activity and therefore reduce the frequency of the fetal movements. Decreased fetal movements are not associated with maternal diabetes.
The nonstress test is the most widely used technique for prenatal evaluation of the fetus. The results are either nonreactive or reactive. In a nonreactive test, there are less than two qualifying accelerations of the fetal heart rate in a 20-minute period. Absence of fetal heart rate accelerations during the nonstress test indicates that the fetus is sleeping. In a reactive test, there are at least two qualifying accelerations in a 20-minute time period. More than two fetal heart rate accelerations within a 20-minute time period also would be considered a reactive test.
Biochemical findings such as an L/S ratio of 2:1, an S/A ratio of 60 mg/g, and the presence of PG in amniotic fluid indicate that the fetal lungs are well developed. The gestational age can be predicted only with the help of creatinine and lipid levels in the amniotic fluid. Creatinine levels greater than 2 mg/dL in amniotic fluid indicate that the gestational age is more than 36 weeks. The presence of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the amniotic fluid indicates a neural tube defect in the fetus. The nurse needs to assess AFP levels in the amniotic fluid to determine whether the fetus has an open neural tube defect. A high AFP level in amniotic fluid after 15 weeks' gestation indicates that the fetus has an open neural tube defect.
Transvaginal ultrasound is useful for obese women whose thick abdominal layers cannot be penetrated adequately with the abdominal approach. A biophysical profile is a method of biophysical assessment of fetal well-being in the third trimester. An amniocentesis is performed after the fourteenth week of pregnancy. A MSAFP test is performed from week 15 to week 22 of the gestation (weeks 16 to 18 are ideal). An ultrasound is the method of biophysical assessment of the infant that is performed at this gestational age.
MSAFP is a screening tool only; it identifies candidates for more definitive procedures.
screening for maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) levels is recommended only for women at risk for neural tube defects.
MSAFP is a screening tool, not a diagnostic tool. Further diagnostic testing is indicated after an abnormal MSAFP. CVS does provide a rapid result, but it is declining in popularity because of advances in noninvasive screening techniques. MSAFP screening is recommended for all pregnant women. MSAFP, not PUBS, is part of the quad-screen tests for Down syndrome.
The nurse is reviewing the ultrasound report of a 20-week pregnant patient to find out whether the patient has placental vascular disease. What assessment parameter does the nurse check in the reports?
d. "This test will observe for fetal activity and an acceleration of the fetal heart rate to determine the well-being of the baby."
During a prenatal checkup, the patient who is 7 months pregnant reports that she is able to feel about two kicks in an hour. The nurse refers the patient for an ultrasound. What is the primary reason for this referral?
The amniotic fluid index (AFI) of a pregnant patient is 3 cm. What clinical information related to the fetus does the nurse infer from this?
After reviewing the standard ultrasound scan reports of a pregnant patient, the nurse advises the patient to undergo a specialized ultrasound scan. What is the nurse's rationale for this suggestion?
The primary health care provider advises a pregnant woman to undergo a Doppler blood flow analysis after reviewing the amniocentesis reports. What clinical condition in the fetus could be the reason for this referral?
During a prenatal checkup, the patient who is 7 months pregnant reports that she is able to feel about two kicks in an hour. The nurse refers the patient for an ultrasound. What is the primary reason for this referral? To check:
A. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is becoming more popular because it provides early diagnosis.
The nurse sees a woman for the first time when she is 30 weeks pregnant. The woman has smoked throughout the pregnancy, and fundal height measurements now are suggestive of growth restriction in the fetus. In addition to ultrasound to measure fetal size, what tool is useful in confirming the diagnosis?
A. The fetal lungs are well developed.
Amniocentesis is the aspiration of amniotic fluid from the pregnant uterus for examination.
Ultrasonography is also used to predict fetal maturity by the measurement of the biparietal diameter of the fetal head.
The result is non reactive if there are no fetal accelerations after a fetal movement, or there is no fetal movement. If the nonstress test is nonreactive, a contraction stress test or biophysical profile will be scheduled.
A healthy fetus moves at an average of at least 10 times a day.
At 12 weeks, the uterine fundus should be at the level of the symphysis pubis.
It is positive or abnormal if there is a late deceleration at the end of a contraction and even after the contraction.
The woman should push the button of the monitor whenever she feels the fetus move.