26 hours ago WebPortal Vein. It takes an oblique coursetowards the right shoulder at a 20 to 80 degree angle to the spine. It is a thin-walled, valve less vascular structure that courses along the … >> Go To The Portal
Portal Vein It takes an oblique coursetowards the right shoulder at a 20 to 80 degree angle to the spine. It is a thin-walled, valve less vascular structure that courses along the pancreatic neck and bile duct, and enters the liver at the porta hepatis.
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The knowledge of the anatomy of the portal vein and its abnormalities is important for interventional and surgical procedures. Variant portal architecture is a common finding during imaging studies.
Anatomical position is the description of any region or part of the body in a specific stance. In the anatomical position, the body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and directed forward. The upper limbs are at the body’s sides with the palms facing forward. Image captured in AR using Human Anatomy Atlas.
If you answered B) anterosuperior, you’re right! Remember, the anterior is the front view and the superior is the top view—combine the two and you’ve got yourself a bird’s-eye view of the front of the body. And there you have it: a crash course in anatomical position and directional terms.
internal: medial aspect of the body (e.g. internal carotid artery) external: lateral aspect of the body (e.g. external carotid artery) Movement of parts of the body is described in relation to the anatomical position. They occur in opposing pairs and include:
The term anatomical position refers to how an organism’s body is oriented, located, moved, and directed. A person standing upright, palms facing forward, thumbs pointed away from their body, with arms hanging by their sides, follows this universal standard of anatomically upright posture.
There are many different terminologies used to describe anatomical positions. In the absence of a clear understanding, these can be confusing. Firstly, let’s take a look at the terminologies and then describe the main types of anatomical positions.
When anatomical positions are illustrated well, understanding them becomes much easier. The use of impactful visuals can facilitate an understanding of even the most difficult or complex research. (Read our blog on the power of scientific illustrations)
The anatomical position also referred to as the standard anatomical position, is the consistent position of the human body in which positional reference is made for anatomical nomenclature. It is not reliant on whether the patient is standing, supine, prone, sitting, etc.
The position is defined as if the body is standing erect (hips and knees extended), head facing forward, eyes open and looking directly forwards and mouth closed. The arms are by the sides (shoulders adducted), the palms are facing forward (elbows extended and wrists supinated), and the feet parallel and together. In this position, the radius and ulna are parallel. Interestingly, due to the effect of gravity, the anatomical location of viscera is described when the patient is supine (e.g. surface anatomy of the liver).
The Terminologia Anatomica is the global standard for correct gross anatomical nomenclature 3 .
Patient anatomy is the most important component of any surgical procedure definition. Modern anatomical description introduced by Andrée Vésale is based on a description of human anatomy from “human alive or having lived” represented by an average and standardized anatomy.
For the following part of this article, we propose to extend the Bismuth comparison realized in 1982, in order to add Takasaki and Goldsmith and Woodburne descriptions of the liver segmentation. This general description clearly illustrates links and differences between the four main definitions ( Figure 2 ).
Out of the 20 images of the database, we note a revealing difference in 14 cases (70%) on at least one important branch of the portal network. Only six cases (30%) do not present a revealing difference between both labellings. The main differences summarized in Table 1 and illustrated on Figure 9 are as follows:
We propose herein a new anatomical segmentation of the liver aiming at correcting the topologic errors of Couinaud’s segmentation. To be applied, it requires a 3D visualization of portal and hepatic venous networks of the liver. The application of a simple labelling rule allows to guarantee a proper and logical anatomical segmentation.
We have proposed a new anatomical segmentation of the liver based on four main rules to apply in order to correct topological errors of the four main standard segmentations.
This work is a part of the 7 th Framework Programme eHealth project PASSPORT, funded by the ICT priority of the European Community.
Informed Consent: Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.
Anatomical position is the description of any region or part of the body in a specific stance. In the anatomical position, the body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and directed forward. The upper limbs are at the body’s sides with the palms facing forward. Like so: Image captured in AR using Human Anatomy Atlas.
Imagine that when you’re studying a (correctly anatomically positioned) body you’re looking at a map. Like you use the cardinal directions to explain the location of certain regions (north, northwest, southeast, etc.), you use directional terms to describe the regions of the body.
Here are some commonly used directional terms: Anterior. At or near the front of the body (front view) Posterior. At or near the back of the body (back view) Midline. An imaginary vertical line that divides the body equally (right down the middle) Lateral. Farther from midline (side view)
For those of you who have taken an A&P course (or are taking one right now), you know that before you get to learning about the body you need to learn how to talk about the body. Most A&P courses begin with positions and directionals. I’m going to give you the rundown.
If you answered B) anterosuperior, you’re right! Remember, the anterior is the front view and the superior is the top view—combine the two and you’ve got yourself a bird’s-eye view of the front of the body.
In many instances, these terms can be paired. For example, a posterosuperior view combines the posterior and superior, giving us a view in which we are looking down at the back of the body, like so: