the patient with primary hypertension is likely to report

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Why should the physical examination of a client with hypertension include?

The physical examination of a client with hypertension should include examination of the retina, because the appearance of the retina is a reliable index of the severity of the hypertension. A. secreting renin. B. producing aldosterone. C. slowing the release of ADH.

What is the difference between primary and secondary hypertension?

Secondary hypertension has an underlying cause that can often be treated, in contrast to primary or essential hypertension,which has no single known cause. What is the patient with primary hypertension likely to report?

What is the pathophysiology of hypertension (high blood pressure)?

The heart may be indirectly damaged by atherosclerotic changes in the blood vessels, as are the brain, retina, and kidney Identify the significance of the following laboratory test results found in patients with hypertension.

Which patient groups have a higher incidence of hypertension?

African Americans have a higher incidence of hypertension than do white Americans. Children and siblings of patients with hypertension should be screened and taught about healthy lifestyles. How is secondary hypertension differentiated from primary hypertension? a. Has a more gradual onset than primary hypertension b.

What are the risk factors for primary HTN?

What is secondary HTN?

What are the effects of B-adrenergic blockers on the kidneys?

Can UAPs check BP?

Can potassium supplements cause hyperkalemia?

Is HTN asymptomatic or asymptomatic?

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What is primary hypertension a result of?

Primary Hypertension (Formerly Known as Essential Hypertension) Essential (primary) hypertension occurs when you have abnormally high blood pressure that's not the result of a medical condition. This form of high blood pressure is often due to obesity, family history and an unhealthy diet.

What is the most common reported symptom when a patient is diagnosed with hypertension?

When symptoms do occur, they can include early morning headaches, nosebleeds, irregular heart rhythms, vision changes, and buzzing in the ears. Severe hypertension can cause fatigue, nausea, vomiting, confusion, anxiety, chest pain, and muscle tremors.

What are complications of primary hypertension?

Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to complications including:Heart attack or stroke. ... Aneurysm. ... Heart failure. ... Weakened and narrowed blood vessels in your kidneys. ... Thickened, narrowed or torn blood vessels in the eyes. ... Metabolic syndrome. ... Trouble with memory or understanding. ... Dementia.

What are the indicators that patient is having hypertension?

If you have certain symptoms, including fatigue, nausea, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, headache, excessive sweating, palpitations or irregular heart beats, problems with your vision, or confusion; these may be serious and should warrant prompt medical attention.

What does essential primary hypertension mean?

Essential, primary, or idiopathic hypertension is defined as high BP in which secondary causes such as renovascular disease, renal failure, pheochromocytoma, aldosteronism, or other causes of secondary hypertension or mendelian forms (monogenic) are not present.

What are the 5 symptoms of high blood pressure?

Symptoms of High Blood PressureBlurry or double vision.Lightheadedness/Fainting.Fatigue.Headache.Heart palpitations.Nosebleeds.Shortness of breath.Nausea and/or vomiting.

What are the consequences of hypertension?

Left undetected or uncontrolled, high blood pressure can lead to: Heart attack — High blood pressure damages arteries that can become blocked and prevent blood flow to the heart muscle. Stroke — High blood pressure can cause blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the brain to become blocked or burst.

How is hypertension diagnosed?

Your doctor can diagnose hypertension by checking your blood pressure. It is a very simple test that takes only a few minutes. Usually an inflatable upper arm cuff with a gauge is used. Your doctor or other medical professional will slide the blood pressure cuff to just above your elbow on your bare arm.

Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?

Pressure readings are presented as systolic/diastolic and values up to 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of Mercury) are considered normal. Readings from 120/80 to 139/89 are considered pre-hypertensive, and readings of 140/90 and higher are considered hypertensive.

What are the top 10 symptoms of high blood pressure?

10 common symptoms of high blood pressure.Severe Headache.Nosebleed (Epistaxis)Breathlessness.Tinnitus (Ringing in Ears)Sleepiness, Insomnia.Confusion.Fatigue.Excess sweating.More items...•

A patient is given an alpha 1 adrenergic agonist and experiences a reflex bradycardia. What normal mechanism of BP control is stimulated in this situation?

The vasoconstriction caused by the alpha 1 adrenergic agent raises the BP , stimulating the baroreceptors. The baroreceptors send impulses to the s...

A patient uses a mixed B-adrenergic blocking agent for tx of migraine HA. What effect might this drug have on BP and why?

Lower BP because of decreased stroke volume and decreased HR , both of which decrease CO.

Risk factors for primary HTN that are not related to lifestyle behaviors.

Age, Ethnicity, Family, Gender, genetic link Rational: HTN progresses with increasing age. It is more prevalent in men before early middle age and...

The patient diagnosed with secondary HTN asks why it is called secondary and not primary. What is the best explanation for the nurse to provide? a. Has a more gradual onset than primary HTN b. Does not cause the target organ damage that occurs with primary HTN c. Has a specific cause, such as renal disease, that often can be treated by medicine or surgery d. Is caused by age-related changes in BP regulatory mechanisms in people over 65 years of age

c. Has a specific cause, such as renal disease, that often can be treated by medicine or surgery Rational: Secondary HTN has an underlying cause th...

What early manifestations is the patient with primary hypertension likely to report? a. No symptoms b. Cardiac palpitations c. Dyspnea on exertion d. Dizziness and vertigo

a. No symptoms Rational: HTN is often asymptomatic, especially if it is mild or moderate, and has been called the "silent killer". The absence of s...

Most organ damage in hypertension is related to what? a. Increased fluid pressure against organ tissue b. Atherosclerotic changes in vessels that supply the organs c. Erosion and thinning of blood vessels in organs from constant pressure d. Increased hydrostatic pressure causing leakage of plasma into organ interstitial spaces

b. Atherosclerotic changes in vessels that supply the organs Rational: Elevated BP causes endothelial damage, which causes the inner lining of arte...

The patient who is being admitted has had a history of uncontrolled hypertension. High SVR is most likely to cause damage to which organ? a. Brain b. Heart c. Retina d. Kidney

b. Heart Rational: The increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) of hypertension directly increases the workload of the heart, and heart failure...

Identify the significance of the following laboratory study results when found in patients with hypertension. - Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 48 mg/dL (17.1 mmol/L), Creatinine: 4.3 mg/dL (380 mmol/L)

Elevated BUN and creatinine may indicate destruction of glomeruli and tubules of the kidney resulting from HTN

Identify the significance of the following laboratory study results when found in patients with hypertension. - Serum K+: 3.1 mEq/L (3.1 mmol/L)

Serum potassium levels are decreased when HTN is associated with hyperaldosteronism

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What are the risk factors for primary HTN?

Risk factors for primary HTN that are not related to lifestyle behaviors. Age, Ethnicity, Family, Gender, genetic link. Rational: HTN progresses with increasing age. It is more prevalent in men before early middle age and above the age of 64 in women. African Americans have a higher incidence of HTN than do whites.

What is secondary HTN?

Rational: Secondary HTN has an underlying cause that can often be treated, in contrast to primary or essential HTN, which has no single known cause.

What are the effects of B-adrenergic blockers on the kidneys?

Rational: Cardioselective B-adrenergic blockers decrease CO, reduce sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone, and decrease renin secretion by kidneys. Calcium channel blockers reduce BP by causing blocked movement of calcium into cells, which causes vasodilation of arterioles. Spironolactone blocks the effect of aldosterone.

Can UAPs check BP?

Rational: UAPs may check postural changes in BP as directed. The licensed practical nurse (LPN) may administer antihypertensive medications to stable patients. The RN must monitor the patient receiving IV sodium nitropursside, as he or she is in a hypertensive crisis.

Can potassium supplements cause hyperkalemia?

High potassium foods should be included in the diet, or potassium supplements may be used to prevent hypokalemia. Enalapril and spirnolactone may cause hyperkalemia by inhibiting the action of aldosterone, and potassium supplements should NOT be used by patients taking these drugs.

Is HTN asymptomatic or asymptomatic?

a. No symptoms. Rational: HTN is often asymptomatic, especially if it is mild or moderate, and has been called the "silent killer". The absence of symptoms often leads to noncompliance with medical treatment and a lack of concern about the disease in patients. With severe HTN, symptoms may include fatigue, palpitations, angina, dyspnea, ...

What are the risk factors for primary HTN?

Risk factors for primary HTN that are not related to lifestyle behaviors. Age, Ethnicity, Family, Gender, genetic link. Rational: HTN progresses with increasing age. It is more prevalent in men before early middle age and above the age of 64 in women. African Americans have a higher incidence of HTN than do whites.

What is secondary HTN?

Rational: Secondary HTN has an underlying cause that can often be treated, in contrast to primary or essential HTN, which has no single known cause.

What are the effects of B-adrenergic blockers on the kidneys?

Rational: Cardioselective B-adrenergic blockers decrease CO, reduce sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone, and decrease renin secretion by kidneys. Calcium channel blockers reduce BP by causing blocked movement of calcium into cells, which causes vasodilation of arterioles. Spironolactone blocks the effect of aldosterone.

Can UAPs check BP?

Rational: UAPs may check postural changes in BP as directed. The licensed practical nurse (LPN) may administer antihypertensive medications to stable patients. The RN must monitor the patient receiving IV sodium nitropursside, as he or she is in a hypertensive crisis.

Can potassium supplements cause hyperkalemia?

High potassium foods should be included in the diet, or potassium supplements may be used to prevent hypokalemia. Enalapril and spirnolactone may cause hyperkalemia by inhibiting the action of aldosterone, and potassium supplements should NOT be used by patients taking these drugs.

Is HTN asymptomatic or asymptomatic?

a. No symptoms. Rational: HTN is often asymptomatic, especially if it is mild or moderate, and has been called the "silent killer". The absence of symptoms often leads to noncompliance with medical treatment and a lack of concern about the disease in patients. With severe HTN, symptoms may include fatigue, palpitations, angina, dyspnea, ...