9 hours ago A patient reports pink-colored urine. During the assessment, the nurse finds that the patient has abdominal distension and feels discomfort during percussion. The patient's medical reports show an increased ratio of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine, along with … >> Go To The Portal
The nurse is reviewing the laboratory reports of a patient. The urine report shows the presence of large proteins in the urine. What is the most probable cause of proteinuria? A patient with a bladder disorder is advised to get a urinary diversion.
Which diagnostic report would the nurse review when identifying a patient's renal function? Because almost all creatinine in the blood is excreted normally by the kidneys, creatinine clearance is the most accurate indicator of renal function. It is a commonly used test to analyze renal function and urinary system disorders.
Which advice would the nurse provide the patient who calls into the clinic reporting burning, frequency, and difficulty when urinating? "Drink less fluid so you don't have to void so often." "Take some acetaminophen to decrease the discomfort."
Before sending a urinalysis specimen to the laboratory, the nurse collects a small amount of urine to perform a dipstick test. If the patient has a UTI, which component should be detected in the urine? A patient is experiencing difficulty in voiding. Which nursing interventions may help to stimulate the micturition reflex in the patient?
Evidence of infection. Either nitrites or leukocyte esterase — a product of white blood cells — in your urine might indicate a urinary tract infection.
Terms in this set (44) If obstructed, which component of the urination system would cause peristaltic waves? When reviewing laboratory results, the nurse should immediately notify the health care provider about which finding? Assess for bladder distention.
UTIs can be diagnosed by analyzing a patient's urine sample. The two most common tests to detect UTIs are a urinalysis and a urine culture with antimicrobial susceptibility testing: Urinalysis: A urinalysis is a group of physical, chemical, and microscopic tests on a sample of urine.
Patients experience a sense of incomplete emptying, slow-flowing urine, and urinary dribbling. Symptoms of overflow incontinence may mimic those of mixed incontinence. Patients lose a small amount of urine when intra-abdominal pressure is increased.
When reviewing laboratory results, the nurse should immediately notify the health care provider about which finding? 3. A patient is experiencing oliguria.
Normal urine output is 1-2 ml/kg/hr. To determine the urine output of your patient, you need to know their weight, the amount of urine produced, and the amount of time it took them to produce that urine. Urine output should be measured at least every four hours if possible.
A urine culture test can identify bacteria or yeast causing a urinary tract infection (UTI). If bacteria multiply, an antibiotic sensitivity test can identify the antibiotic most likely to kill those particular bacteria. Your healthcare provider may order a urine culture if you get chronic or hard-to-treat UTIs.
Normal values are as follows:Color – Yellow (light/pale to dark/deep amber)Clarity/turbidity – Clear or cloudy.pH – 4.5-8.Specific gravity – 1.005-1.025.Glucose - ≤130 mg/d.Ketones – None.Nitrites – Negative.Leukocyte esterase – Negative.More items...•
What does the test result mean?Positive urine culture: Typically, the presence of a single type of bacteria growing at high colony counts is considered a positive urine culture.Negative urine culture: A culture that is reported as “no growth in 24 or 48 hours” usually indicates that there is no infection.More items...•
The assessment of urinary incontinence involves a combination of history taking (i.e. description of symptoms) in combination with physical examination.
Causes of Overflow Incontinence Blockages of the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body) from tumors, urinary stones, scar tissue, swelling from infection, or kinks caused by dropping of the bladder within the abdomen. Weak bladder muscles, which are unable to squeeze the bladder ...
Tests can include: measuring the pressure in your bladder by inserting a catheter into your urethra. measuring the pressure in your tummy (abdomen) by inserting a catheter into your bottom. asking you to urinate into a special machine that measures the amount and flow of urine.
Rationale: The presence of large proteins in the urine is suggestive of glomerular injury, because they are not normally able to filter through the glomerulus. White blood cells and casts can indicate a urinary tract infection. Glucose in the urine may be indicative of diabetes mellitus.
Rationale: Reflex urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine at somewhat predictable intervals when the patient reaches a specific bladder volume; it is related to spinal cord damage between C1 and S2. Functional incontinence is the loss of continence with a cause outside the urinary tract. Stress urinary incontinence is caused by increased intraabdominal pressure related to either urethral hypermobility or an incompetent urinary sphincter. Urge urinary incontinence is caused by neurological problems, bladder inflammation, or bladder outlet obstruction.
Rationale: Urine is cloudy in cystitis because of bacteria and white cells. Hematuria is blood in the urine. Pyelonephritis is a serious upper urinary tract infection. Dysuria is painful urination.
A 70-year-old woman complains of involuntary passage of urine. The leakage of urine occurs in small amounts and is more frequent when she coughs. What should the nurse teach the patient about her disorder? Select all that apply.
Chapter 48: Skin Integrity and Wound Care (Skin In…
C. Striated muscles are responsible for voluntary control over the flow of urine.
Study Tip: Proteins are large molecules, so the kidney does not normally filter them into the urine. The filtering apparatus does not normally let them pass; you could think of it as trying to force a goldfish through a window screen. The presence of large proteins in the urine means there is damage (think of it as holes in the screen) to the filtering apparatus, the glomerulus.
A nephron is a functional unit of the kidney and helps in urine formation. 4. The kidneys filter waste products of metabolism and excrete them in the urine. 5. The kidneys produce several substances vital to white blood cell (WBC) production. 1, 2, 3, 4.
A patient with a bladder disorder is advised to get a urinary diversion. The patient wishes to have the type of urinary diversion that allows normal voiding. Which type of urinary diversion suits the patient's requirement?
Rationale: Urine output increases because of an increase in the thirst mechanism.
Rationale: Intake of fiber-rich foods helps to control blood sugar levels by delaying gastric emptying. Therefore, the patient should increase the intake of fiber.
Polydipsia is increased thirst. Hyperglycemia results in increased osmolarity of serum and causes water to shift from inside to outside the cell. These both initiate the thirst mechanism.
The nurse is caring for a patient with a urinary obstruction that prevents the flow of urine. While analyzing the microscopic urinalysis, the nurse notes the presence of crystals in the urine. What does the nurse infer from these findings?
A urine output of 140 ml per day
Ideally, examination of the specimen for urinalysis occurs within one hour of urinating. If immediate analysis is not possible, refrigerate the urine sample until analyzed. If the urine sample is not refrigerated, bacteria will start multiplying. The red blood cells tend to hemolyze, casts disintegrate, and the urine becomes alkaline, as a result of urea-splitting bacteria. The nurse is able to collect the specimen, refrigerate, and transport to the laboratory instead of sending a patient on an unnecessary two-hour trip to have a fresh specimen. Storing the specimen at 25oC (77oF) would still likely cause bacteria to multiply.
Together, the bladder, urethra, and pelvic floor muscles form what is called the urethrovesical unit. Voluntary control of this unit is defined as continence. Stimulating and inhibiting impulses are sent from the brain through the thoracolumbar (T11 to L2) and sacral (S2 to S4) areas of the spinal cord to control voiding. Damage in this area will prevent voluntary control and lead to incontinence. Without control, the patient may not be aware of the need to go to the bathroom, to use a urinal/bedpan, or to call for assistance.
If the patient is unable to void, the bladder may be palpated for distention and percussed for dullness if it is full, or a bladder scan may be done to determine the approximate amount of urine in the bladder. A cystometrogram visualizes the bladder and evaluates vesicoureteral reflux. A KUB x-ray delineates size, shape, and positions of kidneys and possibly a full bladder. Neither of these would be useful in this situation. A residual urine test requires urination before catheterizing the patient to determine the amount of urine left in the bladder, so this assessment would not be helpful for this patient.
Obtain your prescribed urine sample one hour after your first morning void.
A tight feeling in the throat indicates the possible development of a severe allergic reaction to the dye used during IV pyelography, resulting in edema of the larynx and difficulty breathing. Flushing of the face, a salty taste in the mouth, and a feeling of warmth over the body are all possible and expected side effects during this procedure. They are usually transient and nondistressing.