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What does the letter R mean in English?

The letter ⟨r⟩ is used to form the ending "-re", which is used in certain words such as centre in some varieties of English spelling, such as British English. Canadian English also uses the "-re" ending, unlike American English, where the ending is usually replaced by "-er" ( center ).

When was the letter R written?

The descending stroke of the Latin letter R has fully developed by the 3rd century BC, as seen in the Tomb of the Scipios sarcophagus inscriptions of that era. From around 50 AD, the letter P would be written with its loop fully closed, assuming the shape formerly taken by R .

What is a trilled R?

A good example of a trilled R is in the Spanish word for dog, perro. In William Shakespeare 's Romeo and Juliet, such a reference is made by Juliet's nurse in Act 2, scene 4, when she calls the letter R "the dog's name". The reference is also found in Ben Jonson 's English Grammar.

What is the minuscule form?

The minuscule (lowercase) form ( r) developed through several variations on the capital form. Along with Latin minuscule writing in general, it developed ultimately from Roman cursive via the uncial script of Late Antiquity into the Carolingian minuscule of the 9th century.

What is R in computer science?

R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Core Team and the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. The R language is widely used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software and data analysis.

What is statistical R?

R and its libraries implement various statistical and graphical techniques, including linear and nonlinear modeling, classical statistical tests , spatial and time-series analysis, classification, clustering, and others. R is easily extensible through functions and extensions, and its community is noted for contributing packages. Many of R's standard functions are written in R, which makes it easy for users to follow the algorithmic choices made. For computationally intensive tasks, C, C++, and Fortran code can be linked and called at run time. Advanced users can write C, C++, Java, .NET or Python code to manipulate R objects directly. R is highly extensible through the use of packages for specific functions and specific applications. Due to its S heritage, R has stronger object-oriented programming facilities than most statistical computing languages. Extending it is facilitated by its lexical scoping rules.

What is R data structure?

Like languages such as APL and MATLAB, R supports matrix arithmetic. R's data structures include vectors, matrices, arrays, data frames (similar to tables in a relational database) and lists. Arrays are stored in column-major order. R's extensible object system includes objects for (among others): regression models, time-series and geo-spatial coordinates. R has no scalar data type. Instead, a scalar is represented as a length-one vector.

What is R in computer?

R is an interpreted language; users typically access it through a command-line interpreter. If a user types 2+2 at the R command prompt and presses enter, the computer replies with 4, as shown below:

What is the R software environment?

The official R software environment is a GNU package. It is written primarily in C, Fortran, and R itself (partially self-hosting) and is available under the GNU General Public License. Precompiled executables are provided for various operating systems. It has a command line interface. Multiple third-party graphical user interfaces are available, such as RStudio, an integrated development environment; and Jupyter, a notebook interface .

What is R used for?

R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Core Team and the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. The R language is widely used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software and data analysis.

When was S created?

S was created by John Chambers in 1976 while at Bell Labs. A commercial version of S was offered as S-PLUS starting in 1988. Much of the code written for S-PLUS runs unaltered in R. In 1991 Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, began an alternative implementation of the basic S language, ...

Who created R?

R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is currently developed by the R Development Core Team. R is freely available under the GNU General Public License, and pre-compiled binary versions are provided for various operating systems like Linux, Windows and Mac.

What is R software?

R is a programming language and software environment for statistical analysis, graphics representation and reporting. R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is currently developed by the R Development Core Team. R is freely available under the GNU General Public License, ...

What is R in chemistry?

R- a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

What does R mean in movies?

R 1. A trademark for a movie rating indicating that admission will be granted only to persons of or over a certain age, usually 17, unless accompanied by a parent or guardian.

What is restricted rating?

4. restricted: a motion-picture rating advising that children under 17 will not be admitted unless accompanied by an adult. Compare G (def. 2),NC-17, PG,PG-13,X (def. 7).

What is the intrinsic rate of increase of a population?

the intrinsic rate of increase of a population, equivalent to the difference between the birth and death rates divided by the number of individuals in the population. Also called Malthusian parameter.

What is a movie rating?

A trademark for a movie rating indicating that admission will be granted only to persons of or over a certain age, usually 17, unless accompanied by a parent or guardian.

Which alphabet evolved by the ancient Romans?

Latin alphabet, Roman alphabet- the alphabet evolved by the ancient Romans which serves for writing most of the languages of western Europe

Examples in Each Chapter

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R Examples

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What is the purpose of controlling, organizing, and govern your use of R packages?

Control, organize, and govern your use of R packages to increase reproducibility and decrease the time you spend installing and troubleshooting.

What is RStudio software?

RStudio provides free and open source tools for R and enterprise-ready professional software for data science teams to develop and share their work at scale.

What is the result of a comparison?

The result of comparison is a Boolean value. It is called Element-wise Logical AND operator. It combines each element of the first vector with the corresponding element of the second vector and gives a output TRUE if both the elements are TRUE. It is called Element-wise Logical OR operator.

What is the operator that takes the first element of both vectors and gives the true if one of them is true?

Called Logical OR operator. Takes first element of both the vectors and gives the TRUE if one of them is TRUE.

What is the result of comparing elements of the first vector?

Each element of the first vector is compared with the corresponding element of the second vector. The result of comparison is a Boolean value.

Which operator considers only the first element of the vectors and gives a vector of single element as output?

The logical operator && and || considers only the first element of the vectors and give a vector of single element as output.

Overview

R, or r, is the eighteenth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Its name in English is ar , plural ars, or in Ireland or /ˈɔːr/.
The letter ⟨r⟩ is the eighth most common letter in English and the fourth-most common consonant (after ⟨t⟩, ⟨n⟩, and ⟨s⟩).
The letter ⟨r⟩ is used to form the ending "-re", which is used in certain words such as centre in so…

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