CASE REPORT peritonitis: Case report and review of - SciELO
14 hours ago Peritonitis is a redness and swelling (inflammation) of the lining of your belly or abdomen. This lining is called the peritoneum. It is often caused by an infection from a hole in the bowel or a burst appendix. You must seek medical care right away. You will be admitted to a hospital. >> Go To The Portal
Symptoms
The guidelines recommend a diagnosis of peritonitis with at least two of the following: Clinical signs and symptoms such as abdominal pain and/or cloudy effluent Dialysis effluent white cell count >100 cells/µL after a dwell time of ≥2 hours and >50% of cells are polymorphonuclear Positive dialysis effluent culture
Causes
The PD effluent should be tested for cell count, differential, Gram stain, and culture when peritonitis is suspected. Patients with peritonitis usually present with cloudy effluent and abdominal pain.
Prevention
Fluid in the peritoneal cavity becomes turbid with increasing amounts of protein, white blood cells, cellular debris, and blood. Response. The immediate response of the intestinal tract is hypermotility, soon followed by paralytic ileus with an accumulation of air and fluid in the bowel. Peritonitis can be caused by internal and external factors.
Complications
Antibiotic therapy is initiated early in the treatment of peritonitis. Surgical objectives include removing the infected material and correcting the cause. Excision. Surgical treatment is directed towards excision, especially if the appendix is involved. Resection. Resection of the intestines may be done with or without anastomosis.
What are the guidelines for the diagnosis of peritonitis?
Which lab tests are performed in the workup of peritonitis?
What is the pathophysiology of peritonitis?
What are the surgical objectives of treatment of peritonitis?
What are the characteristics of a patient with peritonitis?
The first symptoms of peritonitis are typically poor appetite and nausea and a dull abdominal ache that quickly turns into persistent, severe abdominal pain, which is worsened by any movement. Other signs and symptoms related to peritonitis may include: Abdominal tenderness or distention. Chills.
What are the results of peritonitis?
Peritonitis is caused by an infection. Bacteria can enter the lining of your belly from a hole in your GI (gastrointestinal) tract. This can happen if you have a hole in your colon or a burst appendix.
How do you assess peritonitis?
AdvertisementBlood tests. A sample of your blood may be drawn and sent to a lab to check for a high white blood cell count. ... Imaging tests. Your doctor may want to use an X-ray to check for holes or other perforations in your gastrointestinal tract. ... Peritoneal fluid analysis.
What are 4 signs of peritonitis?
Signs and symptoms of peritonitis include:Abdominal pain or tenderness.Bloating or a feeling of fullness in your abdomen.Fever.Nausea and vomiting.Loss of appetite.Diarrhea.Low urine output.Thirst.More items...•
What is the most common complication of peritonitis?
Aggressive fluid resuscitation and early surgical intervention are the mainstay of therapy of peritonitis. Enterocutaneous fistulas, surgical site infection, sepsis, and multiorgan failure are the commonest complications seen in surgical settings.
Which symptom is often observed in cases of peritonitis?
The diagnosis of peritonitis is a clinical diagnosis, based mostly on history and physical examination. The main symptom in all cases is abdominal pain. The pain can be sharp or insidious; often the pain is constant and intense, and is aggravated with movement.
How do you assess for peritoneal irritation?
Ask the patient to stand with straight legs and to raise up on his/her toes. Then ask him/her to relax, allowing the heels to strike the floor; the body will be jarred. If pain is felt in the abdomen, then this positive heel strike test is indicative of appendicitis and peritoneal irritation.
Which laboratory finding is commonly associated with the diagnosis of peritonitis?
Laboratory tests, most importantly ascitic fluid analysis is required for confirmation of diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Complete blood count and differential count are tested to confirm infection.
What are three causes of peritonitis?
What causes peritonitis?an abdominal wound, such as a surgical wound.an abdominal injury.a ruptured appendix.a stomach ulcer.a perforated colon.diverticulitis.pancreatitis.liver disease, such as cirrhosis of the liver.More items...
Can peritonitis be seen on CT scan?
Inflammatory and malignant diseases of the peritoneum can have a similar appearance. Moreover, different causes of peritonitis can show similar CT findings. Therefore, a CT pattern-approach may represent a further useful diagnostic tool for correct image assessment.
What organs are affected by peritonitis?
Peritonitis is inflammation of the membranes of the abdominal wall and organs. Peritonitis is a life-threatening emergency that needs prompt medical treatment. The abdominal organs, such as the stomach and liver, are wrapped in a thin, tough membrane called the visceral peritoneum.
Which bacteria can cause peritonitis?
The gram-negative aerobic bacteria are the major factor in the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, most notably of which include Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. However, Staphylococcus aureus and other gram-positive bacteria are being considered as emerging agents causing this inflammation.
Overview
Symptoms
Medically reviewed by
Dr. Karthikeya T M
Symptoms
Causes
Prevention
Complications
Causes
Risk Factors
Complications
- Peritonitis occurs when body fluids like blood or pus pool in the abdominal cavity. Why this happens, however, can vary. The two primary causes of peritonitis are spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (also called primary peritonitis) and secondary peritonitis.
Prevention
What Is Peritonitis?
Pathophysiology
- Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum — a silk-like membrane that lines your inner abdominal wall and covers the organs within your abdomen — that is usually due to a bacterial or fungal infection. There are two types of peritonitis: 1. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.Sometimes, peritonitis develops as a complication of liver disease, suc...
Causes
- Signs and symptoms of peritonitis include: 1. Abdominal pain or tenderness 2. Bloating or a feeling of fullness in your abdomen 3. Fever 4. Nausea and vomiting 5. Loss of appetite 6. Diarrhea 7. Low urine output 8. Thirst 9. Inability to pass stool or gas 10. Fatigue 11. Confusion If you're receiving peritoneal dialysis, peritonitis symptoms may also include: 1. Cloudy dialysis flui…
Clinical Manifestations
- Infection of the peritoneum can happen for a variety of reasons. In most cases, the cause is a rupture (perforation) within the abdominal wall. Though it's rare, the condition can develop without an abdominal rupture. Common causes of ruptures that lead to peritonitis include: 1. Medical procedures, such as peritoneal dialysis.Peritoneal dialysis uses tubes (catheters) to remove was…
Complications
- Factors that increase your risk of peritonitis include: 1. Peritoneal dialysis.Peritonitis can occur in people undergoing peritoneal dialysis therapy. 2. Other medical conditions.The following medical conditions, among others, increase your risk of developing peritonitis: liver cirrhosis, appendicitis, Crohn's disease, stomach ulcers, diverticulitis and pancreatitis. 3. History of peritonitis.Once you…
Assessment and Diagnostic Findings
- Left untreated, peritonitis can extend beyond your peritoneum, where it may cause: 1. An infection throughout your body (sepsis).Sepsis is a rapidly progressing, life-threatening condition that can cause shock, organ failure and death.
Medical Management
- Often, peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis is caused by germs around the tube (catheter). If you're receiving peritoneal dialysis, take the following steps to prevent peritonitis: 1. Wash your hands, including underneath your fingernails and between your fingers, before touching the catheter. 2. Clean the skin around the catheter with an antiseptic every day. 3. Store your sup…
Surgical Management
Appendicitisand diverticulitis may both lead to peritonitis, and all of them are acute inflammatory intestinal disorders. 1. Peritonitis is the inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the viscera. 2. Usually, it is a result of bacterial infection; the organisms come from di…
Practice Quiz: Peritonitis
- The pathophysiology of peritonitis involves: 1. Leakage.Peritonitis is caused by leakage of contents from abdominal organs into the abdominal cavity. 2. Proliferation.Bacterial proliferation occurs. 3. Edema.Edema of the tissues occurs, and exudation of fluid develops in a short time. 4. Invasion. Fluid in the peritoneal cavity becomes turbid with increasing amounts of protein, white …
See Also
- Peritonitis can be caused by internal and external factors. 1. Injury. Trauma like gunshot wounds or stab woundscould lead to peritonitis. 2. Inflammation.An inflammation that extends from an organ outside the peritoneal area such as the kidneys could cause peritonitis. 3. Bacteria.The most common bacteria implicated are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, and S…
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