patient v s medical report indicates a diagnosis of bronchiolectasis, which is

Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses for a patient with bronchiectasis are: Impaired gas exchange related to ventilation-perfusion imbalance. Ineffective airway clearance related to increased mucus production.

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How to diagnose bronchiectasis in adults?

Diagnosing Bronchiectasis in Adults 1 Chest X-ray. A chest X-ray uses electromagnetic radiation to create pictures of structures in the chest, such as your heart and lungs. 2 CT Scan. ... 3 Sputum Culture. ... 4 Pulmonary Function Test. ... 5 Bronchoscopy. ...

Which surgical intervention can be used as a surgical intervention for bronchiectasis?

A: Segmental resection can be used as a surgical intervention for patients with bronchiectasis. B: Lobectomy can be used as a surgical intervention for patients with bronchiectasis. C: Pneumonectomy can be used as a surgical intervention for patients with bronchiectasis.

Can inhaled corticosteroids be prescribed to patients with bronchiectasis?

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are commonly prescribed in patients with bronchiectasis; a recent study showed that 17% of patients with bronchiectasis in a large US survey group were also diagnosed with asthma and 19% with COPD (28).

How is a bronchoscope used to check for a blockage?

A bronchoscope—a long, thin, flexible tube with a light attached to it—is inserted through the nose or mouth and into the airways. Using a video monitor that serves as a guide, the doctor leads the bronchoscope through the airways to look for a blockage due to excess, thick mucus.

What is the hair that lines the airways that traps foreign particles?

Mucus, also called sputum, coats the lining of these tubes to keep them moist and trap any foreign particles that enter the lungs. Tiny hairs called cilia, which line the airways, are responsible for sweeping excess mucus out of the lungs so it can be coughed up and expelled from the body.

What type of doctor would you see for bronchiectasis?

If any uncommon bacteria are found, your doctor may suspect bronchiectasis. For people diagnosed with bronchiectasis, a pulmonologist may recommend regular sputum testing to look for certain types of infections, such as fungal or atypical mycobacterial infections.

Why is mucus hard to move out of the airways?

In bronchiectasis, the walls of the airways become thick and dilated, making it hard to move mucus out. As a result, mucus builds up in the airways, allowing bacteria to flourish and increasing the risk of severe infections.

Why does bronchitis cause mucus?

There are several possible causes of bronchiectasis. One is cystic fibrosis, an inherited condition that leads to thick mucus in the lungs and sinuses that is difficult to clear. Having an immunoglobulin deficiency—in which a person lacks an antibody that protects against infection of the mucus membranes that line the mouth, nose, ...

What causes bronchitis?

Many people develop bronchiectasis when a serious infection, such as tuberculosis, whooping cough, or pneumonia, injures the walls of the airways. The condition may also occur in conjunction with an autoimmune condition, such as rheumatoid arthritis or Sjogren’s syndrome.

What does a CT scan reveal?

A CT scan may reveal dilated, thickened airways, which are commonly found in bronchiectasis.

What is a pulmonary function test?

A pulmonary function test is a group of tests used to assess lung function and possible damage. The tests measure the amount of air your lungs can hold, how quickly air is inhaled and exhaled, and how much oxygen is delivered to the blood through the lungs.

What is the inflammatory process that damages the bronchial wall?

Bronchiectasis is usually localized, affecting a segment or lobe of a lung, most frequently the lower lobes. Inflammation. The inflammatory process associated with pulmonary infection damages the bronchial wall, causing a loss of its supporting structure and resulting in thick sputum that ultimately obstructs the bronchi. Distention.

What is the term for the collapse of the alveoli due to retained secretions and obstruction?

A: Atelectasis is the collapse of the alveoli due to retained secretions and obstruction. B: Emphysema is the abnormal distention of the airspaces beyond the terminal bronchioles and destruction of the walls pf the alveoli. C: Pleurisy refers to inflammation of both layers of the pleurae.

What causes bronchiectasis?

Bronchiectasis may be caused by a variety of conditions including: Airway obstruction. Obstructions in the bronchi distend the wall permanently and impair mucociliary action. Pulmonary infection. Pulmonary infection and obstruction of the bronchus or complications of long-term pulmonary infections cause bronchiectasis. Genetic disorders.

Why is postural drainage important?

Postural drainage is part of all treatment plans, because draining of the bronchiectatic areas by gravity reduces the amount of secretions and the degree of infection. Chest physiotherapy. Chest physiotherapy, including percussion and postural drainage, is important in the management of secretions.

Why does sputum thicken?

Genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis causes the sputum to thicken in consistency and would ultimately obstruct the bronchi. Idiopathic causes. There are causes that are unknown to medicine that cause bronchiectasis.

Why is smoking cessation important?

Smoking cessation is important, because smoking impairs bronchial drainage by paralyzing ciliary actions, increasing bronchial secretions, and causing inflammation of the mucous membranes. Postural drainage. Patient and families are taught to perform postural drainage. Exposure to infections.

What is the best treatment for sputum infection?

Antimicrobial therapy . Antimicrobial therapy based on the results of sensitivity studies on organism cultured from sputum is used to control infection. Bronchodilators. Bronchodilators, which may be prescribed for patients who have reactive airway disease, may also assist with secretion management.