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A nurse documents the presence of chronic pain on an electronic health record. Choose a description that could be used. The pain can be: Rapidly occurring and subsiding with treatment. Separate from any central or peripheral pathology.
an unpleasant sensation of physical hurt or discomfort that can be caused by disease, injury, or surgery. A nurse documents the presence of chronic pain on an electronic health record. Choose a description that could be used.
Assessing and Documenting Pain The most critical aspect of pain assessment is that it be done on a regular basis using a standard format. Pain should be re-assessed after each intervention to evaluate its effect and determine whether an intervention should be modified.
The nurse is assessing a client's level of pain. Pain is best described as: an unpleasant sensation created by emotional states such as fear, frustration, anger, or depression. an unpleasant sensation of physical hurt or discomfort that can be caused by disease, injury, or surgery.
When drafting a nursing care plan for a patient in pain, it is important for the nurse to determine if the pain is acute or chronic. Choose an example of chronic pain.
a chronic, unpleasant sensation that occurs due to disease affecting one or more body systems. an unpleasant sensation of physical hurt or discomfort that can be caused by disease, injury, or surgery. A nurse documents the presence of chronic pain on an electronic health record. Choose a description that could be used.
Chemicals that reduce or inhibit the transmission of perception of pain include endorphins and enkephalin, which are morphinelike endogenous neurotransmitters . Acetylcholine, serotonin, and substance P are chemicals that increase the transmission of pain.
Older people are expected to experience chronic pain.
Pain behavior checklists differ from pain behavior scales in that they do not evaluate the degree of an observed behavior and do not require a patient to demonstrate all of the behaviors specified, although the patient must be responsive enough to demonstrate some of the behaviors.
For the cognitively intact adult, assessment of pain intensity is most often done by using the 0 to 10 numeric rating scale or the 0 to 5 Wong-Baker FACES scale, or the VRS. Once patients know how to use a pain intensity scale, they should establish “comfort-function” goals. With the clinician’s input, patients can determine the pain intensity at which they are easily able to perform necessary activities with the fewest side effects.
Pain evaluation in small children can be difficult. Previous experiences, fear, anxiety, and discomfort may alter pain perception; thus, poor agreement between instruments and raters is often the norm. In children younger than 7 years of age and in cognitively impaired children, evaluation of pain intensity through self-report instruments can be inaccurate due to poor understanding of the instrument and poor capacity to translate the painful experience into verbal language; therefore, complementary observational pain measurements should be used to assess pain intensity (Kolosovas-Machuca et al., 2016).
Three methods are commonly used to measure a child’s pain intensity: 1 Self-reporting: what a child is saying. 2 Behavioral measures: what a child is doing (motor response, behavioral responses, facial expression, crying, sleep patterns, decreased activity or eating, body postures, and movements). 3 Physiologic measures: how the body is reacting (changes in heartrate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, palmar sweating, respiration, and sometimes neuroendocrine responses (Srouji et al., 2010).
The arrow at the left means “no pain sensation” and the arrow at the right indicates the “most intense pain sensation imaginable.”. The sliding part of the device is moved on a different axis for the unpleasantness scale.
Good documentation improves communication among clinicians about the current status of the patient’s pain and responses to the plan of care. Documentation is also used as a means of monitoring the quality of pain management within the institution.
Pain should be re-assessed after each intervention to evaluate its effect and determine whether an intervention should be modified. The time frame for re-assessment should be directed by the needs of the patient and the hospital or unit policies and procedures.
A patient asks the nurse where nociceptors can be found. How should the nurse respond? One location in which nociceptors can be found is the:
A nurse is discussing an individual’s conditioned or learned approach or avoidance behavior in response to pain. Which system is the nurse describing?