neurological report on hemorrhagic stroke patient

What is the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic stroke?

Hypertensionis the most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke. Longstanding hypertension produces degeneration of media, breakage of the elastic lamina, and fragmentation of smooth muscles of arteries. Lipohyalinosis, fibrinoid necrosis of the subendothelium, microaneurysms, and focal dilatations are seen in the arterioles.

What are the complications of a hemorrhagic stroke?

There are a couple of complications that are high-risk in a patient with a hemorrhagic stroke and they both relate to the fact that blood, when it is somewhere it’s not supposed to be, is very irritating. Keep that in mind for the whole body, not just the brain – blood is an irritant.

What is the prognosis of hemorrhagic stroke?

Progression of hemorrhagic stroke is associated with worse outcomes. Early diagnosis and treatment are important in view of the usual rapid expansion of hemorrhage, causing sudden deterioration of consciousness and neurological dysfunction. Etiology Hypertensionis the most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke.

What is included in the differential diagnoses of hemorrhagic stroke?

The differential diagnoses of hemorrhagic stroke are acute hypertensive crisis, pituitary apoplexy, cerebral venous thrombosis, dural sinus thrombosis, cervical artery dissection, reversible cerebral vasoconstrictive syndrome (RCVS), hemorrhagic neoplasms, arterio-venous malformations, meningitis, acute subdural hematoma, and hemorrhagic infarct.

What side of the brain is affected by a stroke?

The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction and the extent of brain tissue affected. One side of the brain controls the opposite side of the body, so a stroke affecting the right side will result in neurological complications on the left side of the body.

How many strokes are ischemic?

Ischemic stroke constitutes an estimated 87 percent of all stroke cases. Stroke often occurs with little or no warning, and the results can be devastating. It is crucial that proper blood flow and oxygen be restored to the brain as soon as possible.

How is a microcatheter used in stroke?

Microcatheter-based surgical interventions for stroke may include the use of a small micro catheter , delivered through a larger guiding catheter inserted at the groin through a small incision. A microguidewire is used to navigate the microcatheter to the site of obstruction in the brain. Thrombolytic medication, such as tPA, can then be administered directly to the occluding thrombus. This kind of treatment, which delivers thrombolytic medication intraarterially, is more specific than IV (intravenous) tPA and consequently may require significantly lesser dosages of medication. The time limit to implement this type of intervention is also significantly (double) longer than that for IV TPA. Generally, only Comprehensive Stroke Care Centers offer this type of treatment.

What is the most common type of ischemic stroke?

Ischemic Stroke. Thrombotic (cerebral thrombosis) is the most common type of ischemic stroke. A blood clot forms inside a diseased or damaged artery in the brain resulting from atherosclerosis (cholesterol-containing deposits called plaque), blocking blood flow. Embolic (cerebral embolism) is caused when a clot or a small piece ...

How is ischemic stroke treated?

Ischemic stroke is treated by removing obstruction and restoring blood flow to the brain. The only U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medication for ischemic stroke is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which must be administered within a three-hour window from the onset of symptoms to work best.

What is the cause of a stroke?

The interruption of blood flow can be caused by a blockage, leading to the more common ischemic stroke, or by bleeding in the brain, leading to the more deadly hemorrhagic stroke.

How many people died from stroke in 2007?

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the U.S. Statistics indicate that an estimated 135,592 people in the U.S. died from cerebrovascular disease in 2007. Of all strokes, 87 percent are ischemic, 10 percent are intracerebral hemorrhage and 3 percent are subarachnoid hemorrhage.

What is hemorrhagic stroke?

A hemorrhagic stroke is a lack of blood flow to the brain tissue caused specifically by a bleed somewhere in or around the brain.

How long after a stroke do you see symptoms?

And 3 days after the stroke, you’ll suddenly see the patient develop new stroke symptoms. So you’ll see in the therapeutic management lesson the things that we do to mitigate these risks. So just to recap, a hemorrhagic stroke is a lack of blood flow to the brain due to bleeding.

What happens when blood vessels rupture?

When one of them ruptures, blood flow beyond that spot is severely diminished. No blood flow, remember, always leads to death of the tissue. It’s like trying to water your flowers when there’s a hole in the side of your hose.

What causes a vessel to rupture and bleed into the brain?

This puts pressure and blood on the brain as the blood accumulates. This can be caused by a weakened vessel such as in an aneurysm.

Can you see bleeding on a CT scan?

When we do a CT scan, we will be able to see immediately that there is bleeding on the brain, like you can see here . Risk factors for hemorrhagic strokes, again hypertension is a huge one as well as substance abuse, specifically cocaine use. Both hypertension and cocaine will weaken these vessel walls until they burst.

What is the "Know the Facts About Stroke"?

“ Know the Facts About Stroke ” also describes the risks, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of stroke.

Is a stroke more likely to happen in certain groups?

However, people in certain groups are more likely to have a stroke. The “Stroke and You” series highlights the prevention challenges these groups face and what CDC is doing to address them.

Acute Ischemic Stroke

Powers, W.J., Rabinstein A.A., Ackerson, T., Adeoye, O.M., Bambakidis, N.C….Tirschwell, D.L. (2019).

Nursing

Care of the patient with acute ischemic stroke (Prehospital and acute phase of care): Update to the 2009 comprehensive nursing care scientific statement: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Ashcraft, S., Wilson, S.E., Nystroke, K.V., Dusenbury, W., Wira, C.R. et al. 2021; 52 (1-15).

Palliative Care

Braun, L.T., Grady, K.L., Kutner, J.S., Adler, E., Berlinger, N….Roach, W.H. (2016). Palliative care and cardiovascular disease and stroke: A policy statement from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Circulation, 134 (11), e198-e225.