fill in the patient care report medical chapter 14 cardiovasccular emergencies

What is the goal for caring for a cardiovascular emergency?

The goal for caring for cardiovascular emergencies is to improve oxygenation at the cellular level, decrease pain, and treat rhythm disturbances. John receives an IV for medications, but his cardiac rhythm changed and he became unconscious. Immediately the nurse noted there was no pulse.

What are the signs of a cardiovascular emergency?

Cardiovascular emergencies are life-threatening events of the heart requiring rapid identification and intervention for survival. They have similar symptoms including chest pain, shortness of breath, diaphoresis (sweating), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and anxiety.

What are the CHS of Cardiovascular Nursing?

Ch 1. Acute Coronary & Inflammatory Diseases... Ch 2. Acute & Chronic Heart Diseases &... Ch 3. Understanding Dysrhythmias Ch 4. Understanding Heart Defects &... Ch 5. Aneurysms & Cardiovascular... Ch 6. Cardiovascular Assessment & Disease... Ch 7. Cardiovascular Nursing Actions for... Ch 8. Cardiovascular Surgical Interventions &... Ch 9.

What is an hypertensive emergency?

Hypertensive emergencies cause extremely high blood pressures in a person with usually controlled hypertension. The vascular system will respond to the higher pressures and damage can occur to vital organ systems.

What are the 3 types of cardiac emergencies?

What is a heart emergency?a heart attack.a cardiac arrest.an angina attack or unstable angina - this can be undiagnosed chest pain or a sudden worsening of existing angina.

What are the emergencies that can be a result of cardiovascular issues?

Cardiovascular emergencies are life-threatening disorders that must be recognized immediately to avoid delay in treatment and to minimize morbidity and mortality. Patients may present with severe hypertension, chest pain, dysrhythmia, or cardiopulmonary arrest.

What are the 2 common cardio vascular emergencies?

Identify the principles of emergency medical care of the patient experiencing chest pain/discomfort. acute myocardial infarction (AMI) - Death of heart muscle caused by blockage in a coronary artery. aneurysm - A bulge in the wall of an artery that can burst.

What is the most common symptom of cardiac compromise?

Cardiac compromise refers to any kind of heart problem. Patients may complain of chest pain, flu-like symptoms, or dyspnea(difficulty breathing). The most common complaint is chest pain. The pain may radiate down an arm with the left arm more commonly involved.

What causes a cardiovascular emergency?

The usual cause of sudden cardiac arrest is an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia), which happens when your heart's electrical system isn't working correctly. The heart's electrical system controls the rate and rhythm of your heartbeat.

What are the 4 most common cardiovascular diseases?

There are four main types of CVD:coronary heart disease.stroke.peripheral arterial disease.aortic disease.

How do you manage cardiovascular emergency?

What to doEnsure scene safety.Check for response.Shout for help. Tell someone nearby to call 911 or your emergency response number. ... Check for no breathing or only gasping. If the person isn't breathing or is only gasping, begin CPR with compressions.Begin high quality CPR. ... Use an AED. ... Continue CPR.

What are the cardiac emergency drugs?

Understanding the drugs used during cardiac arrest responseAdrenaline. This is the first drug given in all causes of cardiac arrest and should be readily available in all clinical areas. ... Amiodarone. ... Lidocaine. ... Atropine. ... Additional drugs. ... Calcium chloride. ... Magnesium sulphate. ... Miscellaneous drugs.More items...•

When is chest pain an emergency?

If your chest pain is new, changing or otherwise unexplained, seek help from a health care provider. If you think you're having a heart attack, call 911 or your local emergency number. Don't try to diagnose the chest pain yourself or ignore it. Your treatment will depend on the specific cause of the pain.

What position do you place someone that is experiencing chest pain?

Help the person to sit down. Sitting will ease the strain on the heart. Sitting them on the floor also means they are less likely to hurt themselves if they collapse.

What are symptoms of mini heart attacks?

They include :pressure-like pain in the chest that lasts more than 10 minutes.pain that radiates to either arm, neck, or jaw.shortness of breath.nausea and vomiting.fainting.fatigue.sweating.

Is bradycardia a heart condition?

If you have bradycardia, your heart beats fewer than 60 times a minute. Bradycardia can be a serious problem if the heart rate is very slow and the heart can't pump enough oxygen-rich blood to the body.

What are the cardiac emergency drugs?

Understanding the drugs used during cardiac arrest responseAdrenaline. This is the first drug given in all causes of cardiac arrest and should be readily available in all clinical areas. ... Amiodarone. ... Lidocaine. ... Atropine. ... Additional drugs. ... Calcium chloride. ... Magnesium sulphate. ... Miscellaneous drugs.More items...•

What is an EMT cardiac?

​ ​ Our Advanced EMT-Cardiac Program offers a balance of didactic, clinical, and psychomotor skills in the classroom and in Hospital Emergency Medical Centers. This program covers Cardiology, Pharmacology, Behavioral Mental Health, and interventions such as Endotracheal Intubation and Intraosseous cannulation.

Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right sided heart failure?

1 Symptoms of right-sided heart failure, such as dyspnea (shortness of breath), edema (swelling of the limbs), and fatigue can be severe.

What are the classic symptoms of myocardial infarction?

What are the symptoms of acute myocardial infarction?pressure or tightness in the chest.pain in the chest, back, jaw, and other areas of the upper body that lasts more than a few minutes or that goes away and comes back.shortness of breath.sweating.nausea.vomiting.anxiety.feeling like you're going to faint.More items...

How many cycles of CPR and AED?

A. perform five cycles of high-quality CPR and then apply the AED.

Why does cardiac output decrease?

Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because: A. as the heart rate increases, more blood is pumped from the ventricles than the atria. B. there is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely.

What causes a decrease in the strength of cardiac contractions?

A. a rapid heart beat causes a decrease in the strength of cardiac contractions.

What does AICD stand for in AED?

you that he has an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD). The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do?

Abstract

Chest pain is a common presentation in emergency and urgent care settings. Differentiating between conditions that require immediate intervention and those that are more benign can be difficult.

The heart

A basic understanding of cardiac anatomy and physiology is an essential prerequisite for nurses assessing patients with cardiac-type symptoms. The adult heart is about the size of a fist and sits in the anterior thorax on the left side of the chest in front of the lungs. It is a muscular pump with four chambers:

The cardiovascular patient

Cardiovascular emergencies are a common presentation in the ED, and the number of deaths from heart disease remains high. Most patients with chest pain arrive by ambulance, but a significant number arrive by public and private transport.

Interpreting the ECG

A systematic approach will enable the practitioner to identify normal ECG parameters and, over time, recognize abnormalities and their clinical significance ( see Table 8.1 and Fig. 8.3 ). 1

Rhythm disturbances

These are commonly treated in the ED. Not all are life-threatening, but they may require intervention or admission.

Bradycardia

Bradycardia is defined as a ventricular rate of <60bpm. Treatment is directed by adverse clinical signs ( see Fig. 8.5 ). Remember that bradycardia may be normal in people who are physically fit.

Adult basic life support

ED nurses may be called to perform resuscitation procedures within the ED or within the community—the principles are the same.

What are the signs of a cardiovascular emergency?

Signs and symptoms of concern are: Chest pain or pressure, upper abdominal pain. Arm, jaw, back, or throat pain. Shortness of breath. Sweating (diaphoresis) Nausea, vomiting. Dizziness. Anxiety or restlessness.

What is the ECG for John?

John has an electrocardiogram (ECG), a tracing of the electrical activity of the heart corresponding to the heartbeat. Nurses place an IV and monitor his oxygen and vital signs. Since he is not allergic, he is given an aspirin, and chest x-rays are taken.

What is the term for the presence of a cardiac rhythm without an actual heartbeat?

The presence of a cardiac rhythm without an actual heartbeat is known as pulseless electrical activity or PEA . This cardiac emergency has the look of a regular rhythm on the monitor, but no actual heartbeat is detected.

What is the goal of the cardiac enzyme level?

The goal for caring for cardiovascular emergencies is to improve oxygenation at the cellular level, decrease pain, and treat rhythm disturbances.

What is the gold standard of care for hypertension?

The gold standard of care in this case is to place an IV, monitor vital signs, and give medications to slowly reduce the patient's blood pressure.

What is the blood pressure of a patient with hypertension?

Signs and symptoms of hypertensive emergencies may reflect the organ system involved, and usually the patient's blood pressure will be higher than 180 systolic (top number) and 120 diastolic (bottom number). Other signs and symptoms include:

What is cardiac arrest?

The code team was called for a cardiac arrest, which is when there is no heart beat and no respiration. This is often caused by a fatal heart rhythm such as ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia, both of which reduce the flow of blood through the heart to the body.