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Reproductive Health in Emergency Preparedness and Response CDC’s Division of Reproductive Health (DRH) prepares for and responds to the needs of reproductive-aged women and infants before, during, and after public health emergencies.
Reproductive Health in Emergency Preparedness and Response. Disasters can present unique challenges to pregnant women and potential exposures to the developing fetus during pregnancy can affect infants and children as they grow. Some exposures during pregnancy, like Zika virus infection, can cause birth defects in infants.
CDC’s Division of Reproductive Health (DRH) prepares for and responds to the needs of reproductive-aged women and infants before, during, and after public health emergencies.
Some exposures during pregnancy, like Zika virus infection, can cause birth defects in infants. Other possible impacts of public health emergencies during pregnancy include pregnancy loss, small size for gestational age, preterm birth, and other complications. 2,3. References. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
Information and ServicesOffer age-appropriate comprehensive sex education. ... Use mass media. ... Provide adolescent-friendly contraceptive services. ... Expand access to and promotion of the use of condoms and other contraceptives. ... Implement programs for out-of-school and married adolescents.
Use personal protective equipment (gloves, respirators, and personal protective clothing) to reduce exposures to workplace hazards. Avoid skin contact. Wear two pairs of gloves whenever possible. Change gloves often, and anytime they become torn.
Problems related to the reproductive system - Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs/STIs), including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), HIV/AIDS, human papillomavirus (HPV), syphilis, gonorrhea and herpes (HSV).
Common Reproductive Health Concerns for WomenEndometriosis.Uterine Fibroids.Gynecologic Cancer.HIV/AIDS.Interstitial Cystitis.Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)Sexual Violence.More items...
11. What problems in reproductive health care require a doctor's help?STDs.Conception, parturition and abortion.Contraception, infertility, menstruation problem.All.
Different life stages are associated with specific women's sexual and reproductive health issues, including menstruation, fertility, cervical screening, contraception, pregnancy, sexually transmissible infections, chronic health problems (such as endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome) and menopause.
Reproductive disorders are diseases involving the reproductive system, including reproductive tract infections, congenital abnormalities, cancers of the reproductive system and sexual dysfunction.
Irregular menstrual cycles. Short or long menstrual cycles. Painful menstrual cycles. Heavy menstrual bleeding.
SymptomsPainful and heavy menstrual flow, bleeding between periods.A feeling of fullness in the lower abdomen.Frequent urination.Experiencing pain during sexual intercourse.Pain in the lower back.Difficulty in conceiving, frequent miscarriages, early labour.
Sexual and reproductive health care includes preventing and treating sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS. In addition, reproductive health care can bring patients into the health care system, encouraging diagnosis and treatment of other diseases and conditions.
Women should have access to medical care in the course of pregnancy as well as in the prenatal and postnatal stages. Apart from these major components, various aspects such as menstrual cycle, healthy relationships along with choice and safety are critical pillars of reproductive health.
Sex Education, Sexual Health, and Fertility An important aspect of sexual health is safe sex, which requires education on contraceptive use and birth control. Safe sex not only prevents unwanted pregnancy, but also protects against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
Learning Outcomes. 1. Summarize the etiologies of infertility and the strategies for diagnosis and treatment of the infertile woman. 2. Describe the etiology, clinical manifestations, and nursing and collaborative management of menstrual problems and abnormal vaginal bleeding. 3.
Surgery remains the primary approach for treating ectopic pregnancies and should be performed immediately. However, medical management with methotrexate (Folex) is being used with increasing success in patients who are hemodynamically stable and have a mass less than 3 cm in size. 10 A conservative surgical approach limits damage to the reproductive system as much as possible. Removal of the fetus from the tube is preferred to removing the tube. Laparoscopy is preferable to laparotomy because it decreases blood loss and the length of the hospital stay ( Fig. 54-3 ). If the tube ruptures, conservative surgical approaches may not be possible. The patient may need a blood transfusion and supplemental IV fluid therapy to relieve shock and restore a satisfactory blood volume for safe anesthesia and surgery. The use of laparoscopy has resulted in fewer repeated ectopic pregnancies and a higher rate of future successful pregnancies.
Ovulation is often erratic for several years after menarche and before menopause. Thus oligomenorrhea due to anovulation is common for women at the beginning and end of menstruation. In anovulatory cycles the corpus luteum that produces progesterone does not form. This may result in a situation referred to as unopposed estrogen. When unopposed by progesterone, estrogen can cause excessive buildup of the endometrium. Persistent overgrowth of the endometrium increases a woman’s risk for endometrial cancer. To reduce this risk, progesterone or oral contraceptives are prescribed to ensure that the patient’s endometrial lining is shed at least four to six times per year.
The factors usually causing female infertility include problems with ovulation (anovulation or inadequate corpus luteum), tubal obstruction or dysfunction (endometriosis or damage from pelvic infection), and uterine or cervical factors (fibroid tumors or structural anomalies).
A commonly used estrogen preparation is 0.625 mg of conjugated estrogen (Premarin) daily. For symptom relief, a higher dose may be needed. To receive the protective benefit of progesterone, 5 to 10 mg of medroxyprogesterone is indicated for 12 days of each month on a cyclic regimen, or 2.5 mg on a continuous regimen.
An abortion is the loss or termination of a pregnancy before the fetus has developed to a state of viability (ability to survive outside the uterus). Abortions are classified as spontaneous (those occurring naturally) or induced (those occurring as a result of mechanical or medical intervention). Miscarriage is the common term for the unintended loss of a pregnancy.
Postoperative care of the patient with an abdominal hysterectomy includes nursing diagnoses and collaborative problems for the postoperative patient found in eNCP 20-1: Postoperative Patient, available on the website for that chapter.