28 hours ago Bystanders are present, but have not provided any care. You should: A. begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED without delay. B. have your partner perform CPR while you question the … >> Go To The Portal
Chapter 16 Cardiovascular Emergencies663 9781284080179_CH16_Pass9.indd 663 19/12/15 1:18 PM Copyright © 2017 by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 4. Analyze the rhythm. 5. Deliver one shock, if indicated, and immediately resume CPR. 6. Continue resuscitation according to your local protocol.
Some medical directors have written protocols requiring patients with suspected cardiac emergencies to be transported to cardiac specialty centers with certain capabilities, such as cardiac catheterization or tar- geted temperature management after resuscitation from cardiac arrest.
While the physical examination is not usually as important as the history in a patient with a possible cardiac problem, it may produce important clues to the patient’s condition. Measure and record the patient’s vital signs, including pulse, respirations, and blood pressure.
▶Circulation To carry out its function of pumping blood, the myo- cardium, or heart muscle, must have a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients. During periods of physical exertion or stress, the myocardium requires more oxygen. The heart must increase cardiac output to meet the increased metabolic requirements of the body.
The main artery, which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all of the other arteries.
The right side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body.
An AED with special pediatric pads may be used on pediatric medical patients between the ages of 1 and 8 years who have been assessed to be unresponsive, not breathing, and pulseless.
Infarction is a temporary interruption of the blood supply to the tissues.
A. The right side of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the venous circulation. B. The left side of the heart receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins.
Cardiac Output = Heart Rate × Stroke Volume Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in 1 minute. Heart rate is the number of times the heart contracts in 1 minute. Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped out by the left ventricle in one contraction. Stroke volume is affected by preload, afterload, and contractility. Preload is related to the venous return to the right atrium. Afterload is associated with systemic vascular resistance, which is a func- tion of the constriction of the systemic blood ves- sels. As the blood vessels constrict, it is harder for the ventricle to push the blood into them. Contrac- tility refers to how forcefully the heart contracts. 636Section 6 Medical
The heart must increase cardiac output to meet the increased metabolic requirements of the body. Cardiac output is increased by increasing the heart rate or stroke volume. The stroke volume is the volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contrac- tion.
The heart must pump effectively to ensure that the body’s tissues and cells receive an uninterrupted supply of oxygen and that metabolic waste (eg, car- bon dioxide) is removed from the tissues and cells and returned, through the heart, for elimination from the body by the respiratory system. 2.
The American Heart Association reports that car- diovascular disease claimed 786,641 lives in the United States in 2011. This is 31.3% of all deaths, or approximately 1 of every 3 deaths. Although this is a decline from previous years, heart disease has been the leading killer of Americans since 1900.