14 hours ago The goal of therapy for portal hypertension is to decrease portal pressures. Medical management may include the use of beta-blockers (such as propranolol) to decrease portal resistance and to decrease the risk of variceal bleeding. Vasopressin or somatostatin may be used in an acute bleeding episode. >> Go To The Portal
The goal of therapy for portal hypertension is to decrease portal pressures. Medical management may include the use of beta-blockers (such as propranolol) to decrease portal resistance and to decrease the risk of variceal bleeding. Vasopressin or somatostatin may be used in an acute bleeding episode.
A patient with portal hypertension has been admitted to the medical floor. The nurse should prioritize which of the following assessments related to the manifestations of this health problem? A. Assessment of blood pressure and assessment for headaches and visual changes. B. Assessments for signs and symptoms of venous thromboembolism.
Start studying Portal Hypertension. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Search. ... Prophylactic banding if patients can't tolerate beta blockers 3. Carvedilol (non cardioselective vasodilating beta blocker) ... What are the key management steps in managing an AVB? 7. 1. IV colloid fluids to replace ...
A 67-year-old client is returning for a follow-up appointment to the primary care group where you practice nursing. At his last appointment, he received the diagnosis of portal hypertension. What is the primary aim of portal hypertension treatment? Select all that apply. a) Reduce fluid output. b) Reduce fluid accumulation. c) Reduce venous pressure.
Hypertension is one of the most common lifestyle diseases to date. It affects people from all walks of life. Let us get to know hypertension more by its definitions. Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg and a diastolic pressure of more than 90 mmHg.
Beta blockers block the sympathetic nervous system to produce a slower heart rate and a lower blood pressure. ACE inhibitors inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and lowers peripheral resistance. Stage 1 Hypertension.
About 31% of the adults in the United States have hypertension. African-Americans have the highest prevalence rate of 37%. In the total US population of persons with hypertension, 90% to 95% have primary hypertension or high blood pressure from an unidentified cause.
When there is excess sodium intake, renal sodium retention occurs, which increases fluid volume resulting in increased preload and increase in contractility. Obesity is also a factor in hypertension because hyperinsulinemia develops and structural hypertrophy results leading to increased peripheral vascular resistance.
Pharmacologic Therapy . The medications used for treating hypertension decrease peripheral resistance, blood volume, or the strength and rate of myocardial contraction. For uncomplicated hypertension, the initial medications recommended are diuretics and beta blockers.
Prevention of hypertension mainly relies on a healthy lifestyle and self-discipline. Weight reduction. Maintenance of normal body weight can help prevent hypertension. Adopt DASH. DASH or the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension includes consummation of a diet rich in fruits, vegetable, and low-fat dairy.
In a normal circulation, pressure is transferred from the heart muscle to the blood each time the heart contracts and then pressure is exerted by the blood as it flows through the blood vessels. The pathophysiology of hypertension follows. Hypertension is a multifactorial.
Gravity. A nurse is caring for a patient with liver failure and is performing an assessment in the knowledge of the patient's increased risk of bleeding. The nurse recognizes that this risk is related to the patient's inability to synthesize prothrombin in the liver.
Rationale: To palpate the liver, the examiner places one hand under the right lower rib cage and presses downward with light pressure with the other hand. The liver is not on the left side or in the right lower abdominal quadrant.
Rationale: Surgical resection is the treatment of choice when HCC is confined to one lobe of the liver and the function of the remaining liver is considered adequate for postoperative recovery. Removal of a lobe of the liver (lobectomy) is the most common surgical procedure for excising a liver tumor.
A nurse is caring for a patient with liver failure and is performing an assessment in the knowledge of the patient's increased risk of bleeding. The nurse recognizes that this risk is related to the patient's inability to synthesize prothrombin in the liver.
Fector hepaticus is a sweet, slightly fecal odor to the breath and not associated with a motor disturbance. Skin changes associated with liver dysfunction may include palmar erythema, which is a reddening of the palms, but is not a flapping tremor.
In stage 4, there is an absence of asterixis, absence of deep tendon reflexes, flaccidity of extremities, and EEG abnormalities.
Because of this safety and efficacy profile, octreotide is considered the preferred treatment regimen for immediate control of variceal bleeding. Vitamin K and albumin are not administered and heparin would exacerbate, not alleviate, bleeding. A nurse is caring for a patient with hepatic encephalopathy.
Jaundice is present only if the larger bile ducts are occluded by the pressure of malignant nodules in the hilum of the liver. Fever, cognitive changes, peripheral edema, and bleeding are atypical signs.) A patient has been diagnosed with advanced stage breast cancer and will soon begin aggressive treatment.
Studies have demonstrated that a combination of two antiviral agents, Peg-interferon and ribavirin (Rebetol), is effective in producing improvement in patients with hepatitis C and in treating relapses. Immune globulins and FFP are not indicated.)
Portal hypertension is an elevated pressure in the portal circulation resulting from obstruction of venous flow into and through the liver. Asterixis is an involuntary flapping movement of the hands associated with metabolic liver dysfunction.)
Infection is the leading cause of death after liver transplantation. Pulmonary and fungal infections are common; susceptibility to infection is increased by the immunosuppressive therapy that is needed to prevent rejection. This risk exceeds the threats of injury and unstable blood glucose.
B. (Feedback: The early manifestations of malignancy of the liver include pain—a continuous dull ache in the right upper quadrant, epigastrium, or back. Weight loss, loss of strength, anorexia, and anemia may also occur. The liver may be enlarged and irregular on palpation.
Removal of a lobe of the liver (lobectomy) is the most common surgical procedure for excising a liver tumor. While cryosurgery and liver transplantation are other surgical options for management of liver cancer, these procedures are not performed at the same frequency as a lobectomy.
Lactulose (Cephulac) is administered to reduce serum ammonia levels. Two or three soft stools per day are desirable; this indicates that lactulose is performing as intended. Lactulose does not address the patient's appetite, symptoms of nausea and vomiting, or the development of blood and mucus in the stool.)
Hypertension, or high blood pressure (BP), is defined as a persistent systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg, or current use of antihypertensive medication. There is a direct relationship between hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Drugs currently available for treating hypertension work by (1) decreasing the volume of circulating blood, and/or (2) reducing SVR. Diuretics promote sodium and water excretion, reduce plasma volume, decrease sodium in the arteriolar walls, and reduce the vascular response to catecholamines.
Other drugs such as amphetamines, phencyclidine (PCP), and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may also precipitate hypertensive crisis that may be complicated by drug-induced seizures, stroke, MI, or encephalopathy.
Essential or primary hypertension denotes high blood pressure from an unidentified source. Essential or primary hypertension denotes high blood pressure from an unidentified source. Secondary hypertension denotes high blood pressure from an identified cause, such as renal disease. Question 6.
The overall goals for the patient with hypertension include (1) achievement and maintenance of the goal BP; (2) acceptance and implementation of the therapeutic plan; (3) minimal or no unpleasant side effects of therapy; and (4) ability to manage and cope with illness.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and reduce angiotensin II (A-II)–mediated vasoconstriction and sodium and water retention. A-II receptor blockers (ARBs) prevent angiotensin II from binding to its receptors in the walls of the blood vessels.
This involves avoiding foods known to be high in sodium (e.g., canned soups) and not adding salt in the preparation of foods or at meals. Restriction of alcohol. Regular aerobic physical activity (e.g., brisk walking) at least 30 minutes a day most days of the week.
Facts About Hypertension: Stay up to date on the latest facts about hypertension from the CDC.
The following web sites include patient-friendly links and resources about hypertension (high blood pressure):
Hispanic populations have low control rates for hypertension, a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Also, they have high prevalence of high blood cholesterol, and their diets are often high in salt and saturated fats. Reaching these audiences with effective messages about prevention can be challenging.
HTN is called the silent killer because it can begin to cause problems without any symptoms.
Education is key because you cannot feel HTN. Patients must understand how important compliance is to prevent major events in the future. Medication Instructions Continue meds even if you feel better. Diet – DASH Low Sodium No processed/canned foods Limit caffeine/alcohol.
If the cuff is too large, it will be loose and you’ll get a falsely low blood pressure. The general rule is that the width should be about 40% of the arm circumference and the length of the bladder (that’s the part that actually inflates) should be about 80% of the arm circumference.
Hypertension means that something like vasoconstriction is causing the blood to exert increased pressure on the vessel walls. The increased pressure causes damage to the vessels, creating further problems, and putting the person at risk for serious diseases such as heart attacks or strokes.
Writing questions helps to clarifymeanings, reveal relationships, establish continuity, and strengthenmemory. Also, the writing of questions sets up a perfect stage for exam-studying later. Recite: Cover the note-taking column with a sheet of paper.
The nurse notes an order for the DASH diet for a client with hypertension. The nurse correctly understands that this diet includes which of the following? Select all that apply.
Primary HTN is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Secondary HTN comes from an identifiable cause (for example, sleep apnea or hyperthyroidism). Keep in mind, higher blood pressure for a short period of time is normal.